Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0213, Norway.
Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway; Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra 36005, Spain; Well-Move Research Group, Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (SERGAS-UVIGO), Vigo 36213, Spain.
J Sport Health Sci. 2024 Jan;13(1):24-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.006. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
Physical activity is consistently associated with reduced mortality, decreased risk for non-communicable diseases, and improved mental health in observational studies. Randomized controlled trials and observational Mendelian randomization studies support causal links between physical activity and health outcomes. However, the scarcity of evidence from randomized controlled trials, along with their inherent challenges like exposure contrasts, healthy volunteer biases, loss to follow-up, and limited real-world dose-response data, warrants a comprehensive approach. This review advocates synthesizing insights from diverse study designs to better understand the causal relationship between physical activity, mortality risk, and other health outcomes. Additionally, it summarizes recent research since the publication of current physical activity recommendations. Novel observational studies utilizing device-measured physical activity underscore the importance of every minute of activity and suggest that all intensity levels confer health benefits, with vigorous-intensity potentially requiring lower volumes for substantial benefits. Future guidelines, informed by device-measured physical activity studies, may offer refined age-specific recommendations, emphasize vigorous-intensity physical activity, and include daily step counts as a simple, easily assessable metric using commercial wearables.
身体活动与降低死亡率、减少非传染性疾病风险和改善心理健康密切相关，这在观察性研究中得到了证实。随机对照试验和观察性孟德尔随机化研究支持身体活动与健康结果之间存在因果关系。然而，随机对照试验的证据有限，且存在暴露对比、健康志愿者偏差、随访丢失和有限的真实世界剂量反应数据等固有挑战，这需要采用综合的方法。本综述提倡综合不同研究设计的见解，以更好地理解身体活动、死亡率风险和其他健康结果之间的因果关系。此外，它还总结了自当前身体活动建议发布以来的最新研究。利用设备测量身体活动的新观察性研究强调了活动每一分钟的重要性，并表明所有强度水平都有益健康，其中高强度可能需要较低的运动量才能获得显著益处。未来的指南将基于设备测量的身体活动研究，为特定年龄组提供更精细的建议，强调高强度身体活动，并将日常步数作为使用商业可穿戴设备进行简单、易于评估的指标。
