Forest Valérie, Pourchez Jérémie
Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:167266. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167266. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
Road traffic is a major contributor to air pollution through aerosols both from exhaust emissions (EE) and non-exhaust emissions (NEE). NEE result from mechanical abrasion of brakes and tires, erosion of road surfaces and resuspension of road dust into the atmosphere by passing traffic. EE have been thoroughly studied and have decreased over time due to a stricter control. On the other hand, NEE have not received such attention and there is currently no legislation to specifically reduce NEE particles. Consequently, NEE relative part has become prevalent, potentially making of these emissions a major human health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the biological effects of brake wear particles, a type of NEE. To this end, we conducted a bibliographic search of two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) on June 1, 2023, focusing on the toxicological effects of brake wear particles induced in vitro and in vivo. We excluded reviews (no original experimental data), papers not written in English, studies performed in non-mammalian models and papers where no toxicity data were reported. Of the 291 papers, 19 were found to be relevant and included in our analysis, confirming that the assessment of the brake wear particles toxicity in mammalian models is still limited. This review also reports that brake wear particles can induce oxidative stress, proinflammatory response and DNA damage. Finally, some perspectives for further research and measures to mitigate the risk of brake wear emissions are discussed.
道路交通是空气污染的主要来源之一，其排放的气溶胶来自尾气排放（EE）和非尾气排放（NEE）。非尾气排放源于刹车和轮胎的机械磨损、路面侵蚀以及过往车辆将道路灰尘重新悬浮到大气中。尾气排放已得到充分研究，并且随着控制措施的加强，其排放量随时间有所下降。另一方面，非尾气排放尚未受到如此关注，目前也没有专门减少非尾气排放颗粒的立法。因此，非尾气排放的相对占比变得普遍，这可能使这些排放成为主要的人类健康问题。本系统综述的目的是概述关于刹车磨损颗粒（一种非尾气排放）生物学效应的当前知识状态。为此，我们于2023年6月1日在两个数据库（PubMed和Web of Science）中进行了文献检索，重点关注体外和体内诱导的刹车磨损颗粒的毒理学效应。我们排除了综述（无原始实验数据）、非英文撰写的论文、在非哺乳动物模型中进行的研究以及未报告毒性数据的论文。在291篇论文中，发现19篇相关并纳入我们的分析，这证实了在哺乳动物模型中对刹车磨损颗粒毒性的评估仍然有限。本综述还报告称，刹车磨损颗粒可诱导氧化应激、促炎反应和DNA损伤。最后，讨论了进一步研究的一些观点以及减轻刹车磨损排放风险的措施。
