School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Storrs, CT, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Sep;34(3):860-881. doi: 10.1007/s11065-023-09618-y. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising tool for scientific discovery and clinical application. However, its utility depends upon replicable reporting. We evaluate reporting of sociodemographics in fNIRS studies of speech and language impairment and asked the following: (1) Do refereed fNIRS publications report participant sociodemographics? (2) For what reasons are participants excluded from analysis? This systematic review was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42022342959) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Searches in August 2022 included the terms: (a) fNIRS or functional near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS or near-infrared spectroscopy, (b) speech or language, and (c) disorder or impairment or delay. Searches yielded 38 qualifying studies from 1997 to present. Eight studies (5%) reported at least partial information on race or ethnicity. Few studies reported SES (26%) or language background (47%). Most studies reported geographic location (100%) and gender/sex (89%). Underreporting of sociodemographics in fNIRS studies of speech and language impairment hinders the generalizability of findings. Replicable reporting is imperative for advancing the utility of fNIRS.
功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）是科学发现和临床应用的一种很有前途的工具。然而，其效用取决于可复制的报告。我们评估了 fNIRS 在言语和语言障碍研究中的社会人口统计学报告，并提出了以下问题：（1）经过同行评审的 fNIRS 出版物是否报告参与者的社会人口统计学信息？（2）出于什么原因将参与者排除在分析之外？本系统评价已在 PROSPERO（CRD42022342959）中预先注册，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目协议。2022 年 8 月的搜索包括以下术语：（a）fNIRS 或功能性近红外光谱或 NIRS 或近红外光谱，（b）言语或语言，和（c）障碍或损伤或延迟。搜索结果从 1997 年至今有 38 项符合条件的研究。八项研究（5%）报告了至少部分种族或族裔信息。很少有研究报告社会经济地位（26%）或语言背景（47%）。大多数研究报告了地理位置（100%）和性别/性别（89%）。言语和语言障碍的 fNIRS 研究中社会人口统计学信息的漏报阻碍了研究结果的普遍性。可复制的报告对于推进 fNIRS 的效用至关重要。
