Wang Xu, Bi Yuewei, Liu Guangping, Wang Wei, Cui Hualei
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin, China.
Department of the Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Dec;280(12):5615-5623. doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-08246-9. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
In this study, a bidirectional mendelian randomization was applied to evaluate the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with 11 otolaryngological diseases.
A total of 85,22,34 and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, alcoholic drinks per week and alcohol consumption, respectively. Genetic associations with 11 common otolaryngological diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen dataset. IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out method were used in this analysis.
Smoking initiation increased the risk of vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001-1.004; P = 4 × 10), head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.027), thyroid cancer (OR 1.538; 95% CI 1.006-2.351; P = 0.047) and sleep apnoea (OR 1.286; 95% CI 1.099-1.506; P = 0.002). Cigarettes per day was associated with chronic sinusitis (OR 1.152; 95% CI 1.002-1.324; P = 0.046), chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis (OR 1.200; 95% CI 1.033-1.393; P = 0.017), vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.002; P = 0.021) and head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.017). Alcoholic drinks per week only was significantly associated with the risk of head and neck cancer (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.006; P = 0.014). However, there was no evidence to support that genetically predicted alcohol consumption increased the risk of otolaryngological diseases. Reverse MR also did not find outcomes effect on exposures.
This study shows that smoking and heavy alcohol consumption promote the occurrence of some otolaryngological diseases indicating that lifestyle modification might be beneficial in preventing otolaryngological diseases.
在本研究中，应用双向孟德尔随机化来评估吸烟和饮酒与11种耳鼻喉科疾病之间的关联。
分别使用总共85、22、34和7个单核苷酸多态性作为开始吸烟、每日吸烟量、每周饮酒量和饮酒的工具变量。从英国生物银行和芬兰基因数据集获得与11种常见耳鼻喉科疾病的遗传关联。本分析采用逆方差加权法（IVW）、加权中位数法、MR-Egger法、MR-PRESSO法和留一法。
开始吸烟会增加患声带和喉部疾病的风险（比值比1.002；95%置信区间1.001 - 1.004；P = 4×10）、头颈癌（比值比1.001；95%置信区间0.999 - 1.003；P = 0.027）、甲状腺癌（比值比1.538；95%置信区间1.006 - 2.351；P = 0.047）和睡眠呼吸暂停（比值比1.286；95%置信区间1.099 - 1.506；P = 0.002）。每日吸烟量与慢性鼻窦炎（比值比1.152；95%置信区间1.002 - 1.324；P = 0.046）、慢性鼻炎和咽炎（比值比1.200；95%置信区间1.033 - 1.393；P = 0.017）、声带和喉部疾病（比值比1.001；95%置信区间0.999 - 1.002；P = 0.021）以及头颈癌（比值比1.001；95%置信区间0.999 - 1.003；P = 0.017）相关。仅每周饮酒量与头颈癌风险显著相关（比值比1.003；95%置信区间1.001 - 1.006；P = 0.014）。然而，没有证据支持基因预测的饮酒会增加耳鼻喉科疾病的风险。反向孟德尔随机化也未发现结果对暴露因素的影响。
本研究表明吸烟和大量饮酒会促进某些耳鼻喉科疾病的发生，这表明改变生活方式可能有助于预防耳鼻喉科疾病。
