Blanchard Laurence, Conway-Moore Kaitlin, Aguiar Anaely, Önal Furkan, Rutter Harry, Helleve Arnfinn, Nwosu Emmanuel, Falcone Jane, Savona Natalie, Boyland Emma, Knai Cécile
Faculty of Public Health Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
System Dynamics Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Obes Rev. 2023 Sep;24 Suppl 2:e13631. doi: 10.1111/obr.13631.
Social media use is integral to many adolescents' lives. It brings benefits but can also have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. We conducted a systematic review examining associations between social media use, adolescent mental health (including body image, self-esteem, stress, interpersonal relationships and loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms), and dietary outcomes. Quantitative studies published between 2019 and 2023 investigating both mental health and diet were searched in 11 databases. The risk of bias was appraised using ROBINS-E. Data were narratively synthesized by type of association, PROGRESS-Plus health equity characteristics, and related to social media influencers. Twenty-one studies were included, of which only one focused on influencers. Sex/gender was the only equity characteristic assessed (n = 8), with mixed results. The findings suggest significant positive correlations between social media use and both depressive and disordered eating symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and anxiety. Four studies identified body image, self-esteem, or anxiety as moderators acting between social media exposure and dietary outcomes. Policy interventions mitigating the impact of social media on adolescents-particularly body image and disordered eating-are needed, alongside follow-up studies on causal pathways, the role of influencers, equity impacts, dietary intake, and the best measurement tools to use.
社交媒体的使用是许多青少年生活中不可或缺的一部分。它带来了好处，但也可能对身心健康产生不利影响。我们进行了一项系统综述，研究社交媒体使用、青少年心理健康（包括身体形象、自尊、压力、人际关系与孤独感、焦虑和抑郁症状）以及饮食结果之间的关联。在11个数据库中检索了2019年至2023年间发表的同时调查心理健康和饮食的定量研究。使用ROBINS-E评估偏倚风险。数据按关联类型、PROGRESS-Plus健康公平特征以及与社交媒体影响者相关的内容进行叙述性综合分析。纳入了21项研究，其中只有一项关注影响者。性别是唯一评估的公平特征（n = 8），结果不一。研究结果表明，社交媒体使用与抑郁和饮食失调症状、身体不满以及焦虑之间存在显著正相关。四项研究确定身体形象、自尊或焦虑是在社交媒体接触与饮食结果之间起调节作用的因素。需要采取政策干预措施来减轻社交媒体对青少年的影响，特别是对身体形象和饮食失调的影响，同时还需要对因果途径、影响者的作用、公平影响、饮食摄入以及最佳测量工具进行后续研究。
