The Prevalence of Human Species during Peak Transmission Seasons from 2016 to 2021 in the Rural Commune of Ntjiba, Mali.

Up-to-date knowledge of key epidemiological aspects of each species is necessary for making informed decisions on targeted interventions and control strategies to eliminate each of them. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of plasmodial species in Mali, where malaria is hyperendemic and seasonal. Data reports collected during high-transmission season over six consecutive years were analyzed to summarize malaria epidemiology. Malaria species and density were from blood smear microscopy. Data from 6870 symptomatic and 1740 asymptomatic participants were analyzed. The median age of participants was 12 years, and the sex ratio (male/female) was 0.81. Malaria prevalence from all species was 65.20% (95% CI: 60.10-69.89%) and 22.41% (CI: 16.60-28.79%) for passive and active screening, respectively. was the most prevalent species encountered in active and passive screening (59.33%, 19.31%). This prevalence was followed by (1.50%, 1.15%) and (0.32%, 0.06%). Regarding frequency, was more frequent in symptomatic individuals (96.77% vs. 93.24%, = 0.014). In contrast, was more frequent in asymptomatic individuals (5.64% vs. 2.45%, < 0.001). remained the least frequent species (less than 1%), and no was detected. The most frequent coinfections were and (0.56%). Children aged 5-9 presented the highest frequency of infections (41.91%). Non- species were primarily detected in adolescents (10-14 years) with frequencies above 50%. Only infections had parasitemias greater than 100,000 parasites per µL of blood. gametocytes were found with variable prevalence across age groups. Our data highlight that represented the first burden, but other non- species were also important. Increasing attention to and is essential if malaria elimination is to be achieved.