Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2023 Dec;69:108262. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108262. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
Biomass is regarded as the only carbon-containing renewable energy source and has performed an increasingly important role in the gradual substitution of conventional fossil energy, which also contributes to the goals of carbon neutrality. In the past decade, the academic field has paid much greater attention to the development of biomass pyrolysis technologies. However, most biomass conversion technologies mainly derive from the fossil fuel industry, and it must be noticed that the large element component difference between biomass and traditional fossil fuels. Thus, it's necessary to develop biomass directional pyrolysis technology based on the unique element distribution of biomass for realizing enrichment target element (i.e., element economy). This article provides a broad review of biomass directional pyrolysis to produce high-quality fuels, chemicals, and carbon materials based on element economy. The C (carbon) element economy of biomass pyrolysis is realized by the production of high-performance carbon materials from different carbon sources. For efficient H (hydrogen) element utilization, high-value hydrocarbons could be obtained by the co-pyrolysis or catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and cheap hydrogen source. For improving the O (oxygen) element economy, different from the traditional hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process, the high content of O in biomass would also become an advantage because biomass is an appropriate raw material for producing oxygenated liquid additives. Based on the N (nitrogen) element economy, the recent studies on preparing N-containing chemicals (or N-rich carbon materials) are reviewed. Moreover, the feasibility of the biomass poly-generation industrialization and the suitable process for different types of target products are also mentioned. Moreover, the enviro-economic assessment of representative biomass pyrolysis technologies is analyzed. Finally, the brief challenges and perspectives of biomass pyrolysis are provided.
生物质被视为唯一含碳的可再生能源，在逐步替代传统化石能源方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，这也有助于实现碳中和目标。在过去的十年中，学术领域对生物质热解技术的发展给予了更多的关注。然而，大多数生物质转化技术主要源自化石燃料工业，必须注意到生物质与传统化石燃料在元素组成上存在较大差异。因此，有必要开发基于生物质独特元素分布的生物质定向热解技术，实现目标元素的富集（即元素经济）。本文综述了基于元素经济的生物质定向热解生产优质燃料、化学品和碳材料的技术。生物质热解的 C（碳）元素经济通过从不同碳源生产高性能碳材料来实现。为了高效利用 H（氢）元素，可以通过生物质与廉价氢源的共热解或催化热解获得高附加值的烃类。为了提高 O（氧）元素经济，与传统的加氢脱氧（HDO）工艺不同，生物质中高含量的 O 也将成为优势，因为生物质是生产含氧液体添加剂的合适原料。基于 N（氮）元素经济，综述了近年来制备含氮化学品（或富氮碳材料）的研究进展。此外，还提到了生物质多联产工业化的可行性以及不同类型目标产物的适宜工艺。此外，还分析了代表性生物质热解技术的环境经济评估。最后，简要介绍了生物质热解面临的挑战和展望。
