Zhang Yaohai, Li Zhixia, Jiao Bining, Zhao Qiyang, Wang Chengqiu, Cui Yongliang, He Yue, Li Jing
Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China.
Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China.
Foods. 2023 Sep 14;12(18):3423. doi: 10.3390/foods12183423.
Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned. Two or more residual pesticides were discovered in 81% of the samples, and pesticide residues in 9.4% of the samples surpassed the , such as profenofos, bifenthrin, triazophos, avermectin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and methidathion. The major risk factors on the safety of kumquat fruits before 2019 were profenofos, bifenthrin, and triazophos, but their over-standard frequencies significantly declined after 2019, which was credited to the stricter supervision and management policies by local governments. Despite the high detection rates and multi-residue occurrence of pesticides in kumquat fruits, about 81% of the samples were assessed as qualified. Moreover, the accumulative chronic diet risk determined from is very low. To better protect the health of customers, we shall formulate stricter organic phosphorus pesticide control measures and stricter use guidelines, especially for methidathion, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. This study provides potential data for the design of kumquat fruit quality and safety control guidelines and for the reduction in health risks to humans.
采用QuEChERS方法以及超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS），对中国金橘果实中的农药残留、中国消费者的质量以及慢性/急性摄入风险进行了评估。我们为期5年的监测和调查显示，从两个主要产区采集的573份金橘果实样本中，90%含有一种或多种残留农药。总体而言，共检测出30种农药，包括16种杀虫剂、7种杀菌剂、5种杀螨剂和2种植物生长调节剂，其中2种农药已被禁用。81%的样本中发现了两种或更多残留农药，9.4%的样本中的农药残留超过了……，如丙溴磷、联苯菊酯、三唑磷、阿维菌素、螺螨酯、苯醚甲环唑和杀扑磷。2019年之前，影响金橘果实安全的主要风险因素是丙溴磷、联苯菊酯和三唑磷，但2019年之后它们的超标频率显著下降，这归功于地方政府更严格的监管政策。尽管金橘果实中农药的检出率高且存在多残留情况，但约81%的样本被评定为合格。此外，根据……确定的累积慢性饮食风险非常低。为了更好地保护消费者健康，我们应制定更严格的有机磷农药控制措施和更严格的使用指南，特别是针对杀扑磷、三唑磷、毒死蜱和丙溴磷。本研究为金橘果实质量安全控制指南的制定以及降低对人类健康风险提供了潜在数据。
