Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 18;24(18):14233. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814233.
The bacteria-derived CRISPR/Cas (an acronym for regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system is currently the most widely used, versatile, and convenient tool for genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have been applied to disease modeling, gene therapies, transcriptional modulation, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, some challenges remain, such as the risk of immunological reactions or off-target effects. To overcome these problems, many new methods and CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been developed. In this review, we describe the current classification of CRISPR systems and new precise genome-editing technologies, summarize the latest applications of this technique in several fields of research, and, finally, discuss CRISPR/Cas system limitations, ethical issues, and challenges.
细菌来源的 CRISPR/Cas（短回文重复序列/CRISPR 相关蛋白的缩写）系统是目前应用最广泛、功能最多样、最方便的基因组工程工具。基于 CRISPR/Cas 的技术已被应用于疾病建模、基因治疗、转录调控和诊断。然而，仍存在一些挑战，如免疫反应或脱靶效应的风险。为了克服这些问题，已经开发出许多新的方法和基于 CRISPR/Cas 的工具。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 CRISPR 系统的当前分类和新的精确基因组编辑技术，总结了该技术在几个研究领域的最新应用，最后讨论了 CRISPR/Cas 系统的局限性、伦理问题和挑战。
