Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 19;24(18):14274. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814274.
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
细胞基质蛋白是分泌到细胞外的蛋白质，它们没有主要的结构功能，但在发育、稳态和衰老过程中的组织重塑中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管它们在出生后表达水平较低，但皮肤隔室中的细胞基质蛋白支持许多细胞外基质蛋白的结构功能，如胶原蛋白。在这篇综述中，我们总结了细胞基质蛋白在皮肤干细胞龛中的功能，这些功能影响干细胞的命运和自我更新能力。在表皮干细胞龛中，纤连蛋白 7 促进表皮干细胞的异质性和适应衰老的能力，转化生长因子-β诱导的蛋白 ig-h3（TGFBI）增强表皮干细胞的生长和伤口愈合。在毛囊干细胞龛中，细胞基质蛋白如纤连蛋白 7、腱生蛋白 C、富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌糖蛋白、纤连蛋白 1、CCN2 和 R-Spondin 2 和 3 调节干细胞在毛发周期中的活性，并可能在立毛肌附着于毛囊时稳定其附着（鸡皮疙瘩）。在皮肤伤口愈合过程中，细胞基质蛋白上调，其功能已在各种功能获得和功能丧失研究中进行了检验。然而，关于这些蛋白质是否在伤口愈合和衰老过程中调节皮肤干细胞的行为、可塑性或细胞间通讯，还有很多未知之处，这为未来的研究留下了新的途径。
