Martakis Kyriakos, Alexy Ute, Stark Christina, Hahn Andreas, Rawer Rainer, Duran Ibrahim, Schönau Eckhard
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgen Str. 10-12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 15;12(18):5984. doi: 10.3390/jcm12185984.
Jumping mechanography provides robust motor function indicators among children. The study aim was to develop centiles for the single 2-leg jump (S2LJ) in German children and adolescents and to identify differences in children with obesity. Data were collected in 2004-2021 through the German DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. All participants (6-18 years, mean age 11.4) performed annually an S2LJ aiming for maximum height on a Ground Reaction Force Platform. LMS (lambda-mu-sigma), including resampling, was used to develop centiles for velocity (v), jump height (h), relative force (F/BW), relative power (P/mass), impulse asymmetry and a new parameter to describe jump efficiency, the Nerve-Muscle Index (NMI), defined as v/(F/BW). Data from 882 children and adolescents were analyzed (3062 measurements, median 3 per individual). In females, F/BW values were higher in younger age but remained constant in adolescence. v, h and P/mass increased in childhood, reaching a plateau in adolescence. In males, v, h and P/mass showed a constant increase and the F/BW remained lower. Children with obesity showed lower F/BW, h, v and the NMI, hence, lower velocity per relative force unit and less efficient jump. The centiles should be used to monitor motor development in childhood. The NMI is a surrogate for motor efficiency.
跳跃力学描记法可提供有关儿童强健运动功能的指标。本研究旨在制定德国儿童和青少年单次双腿跳跃（S2LJ）的百分位数，并确定肥胖儿童之间的差异。数据于2004年至2021年通过德国多特蒙德营养与人体测量纵向设计（DONALD）研究收集。所有参与者（6至18岁，平均年龄11.4岁）每年在地面反作用力平台上进行一次旨在达到最大高度的S2LJ。采用LMS（λ-μ-σ）法，包括重采样，来制定速度（v）、跳跃高度（h）、相对力（F/BW）、相对功率（P/质量）、冲量不对称性以及一个描述跳跃效率的新参数——神经肌肉指数（NMI）（定义为v/(F/BW)）的百分位数。对882名儿童和青少年的数据进行了分析（共3062次测量，每人中位数为3次）。在女性中，F/BW值在较年轻时较高，但在青春期保持稳定。v、h和P/质量在儿童期增加，在青春期达到平稳状态。在男性中，v、h和P/质量持续增加，而F/BW保持较低水平。肥胖儿童的F/BW、h、v和NMI较低，因此，每单位相对力的速度较低，跳跃效率较低。这些百分位数应用于监测儿童期的运动发育。NMI是运动效率的一个替代指标。
