University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany.
Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2024 Dec 1;24(4):336-342.
To evaluate the trends in physical fitness in children and adolescents.
The present study focusses on a longitudinal analysis of the single two-legged jump (S2LJ) from children and adolescents, who participated in the DONALD study from 2004 till 2022. P /body mass (power, surrogate for muscular performance), V (bounce speed, surrogate for coordination), F /body mass (force, surrogate for muscular strength) and (Nerve-Muscle Index, surrogate for jump efficiency) were examined by linear mixed models and propensity-score(PS)-matching analysis.
Data from 1,485 measurements from males and 1,445 from females were included. Mean age was 10.9 years for males and 11.4 years for females. The range of the number of repeated S2LJ was 1 to 8, the median was 3. In PS-matching analysis, there was a dose-effect relationship between the test date and the S2LJ parameters in such a way that P /body mass and F /body mass decreased with more recent test dates (effect size at a difference in the test date of 1.7 decades: 0.25 - 0.3) whereby V and showed no consistent trend.
Motor performance in children, assessed by the S2LJ, has decreased over the last two decades, mainly due to lower muscular strength, while motor efficiency and coordination seemed to be unchanged.
评估儿童和青少年体质的变化趋势。
本研究对参加 DONALD 研究的儿童和青少年的单腿双侧跳（S2LJ）进行了纵向分析。通过线性混合模型和倾向评分（PS）匹配分析，对 P/体重（功率，肌肉表现的替代指标）、V（反弹速度，协调的替代指标）、F/体重（力，肌肉力量的替代指标）和（神经肌肉指数，跳跃效率的替代指标）进行了检查。
共纳入了 1485 名男性和 1445 名女性的测量数据。男性的平均年龄为 10.9 岁，女性为 11.4 岁。S2LJ 重复次数的范围为 1 至 8 次，中位数为 3 次。在 PS 匹配分析中，S2LJ 参数与测试日期之间存在剂量-效应关系，即 P/体重和 F/体重随着测试日期的推移而降低（测试日期差异 1.7 十年的效应大小：0.25-0.3），而 V 和 则没有显示出一致的趋势。
通过 S2LJ 评估的儿童运动表现，在过去二十年中有所下降，主要是由于肌肉力量下降，而运动效率和协调能力似乎没有变化。
