Bénard Mèlanie V, Arretxe Iñaki, Wortelboer Koen, Harmsen Hermie J M, Davids Mark, de Bruijn Clara M A, Benninga Marc A, Hugenholtz Floor, Herrema Hilde, Ponsioen Cyriel Y
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 5;11(9):2238. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092238.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is under investigation for several indications, including ulcerative colitis (UC). The clinical success of FMT depends partly on the engraftment of viable bacteria. Because the vast majority of human gut microbiota consists of anaerobes, the currently used aerobic processing protocols of donor stool may diminish the bacterial viability of transplanted material. This study assessed the effect of four processing techniques for donor stool (i.e., anaerobic and aerobic, both direct processing and after temporary cool storage) on bacterial viability. By combining anaerobic culturing on customized media for anaerobes with 16S rRNA sequencing, we could successfully culture and identify the majority of the bacteria present in raw fecal suspensions. We show that direct anaerobic processing of donor stool is superior to aerobic processing conditions for preserving the bacterial viability of obligate anaerobes and butyrate-producing bacteria related to the clinical response to FMT in ulcerative colitis patients, including , , and . The effect of oxygen exposure during stool processing decreased when the samples were stored long-term. Our results confirm the importance of sample conditioning to preserve the bacterial viability of oxygen-sensitive gut bacteria. Anaerobic processing of donor stool may lead to increased clinical success of FMT, which should further be investigated in clinical trials.
粪便微生物群移植（FMT）正在针对多种适应症进行研究，包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）。FMT的临床成功部分取决于活细菌的植入。由于绝大多数人类肠道微生物群由厌氧菌组成，目前使用的供体粪便需氧处理方案可能会降低移植材料的细菌活力。本研究评估了供体粪便的四种处理技术（即厌氧和需氧，包括直接处理和临时冷藏后处理）对细菌活力的影响。通过将定制的厌氧菌培养基上的厌氧培养与16S rRNA测序相结合，我们能够成功培养并鉴定出原始粪便悬液中存在的大多数细菌。我们表明，对于保存与溃疡性结肠炎患者FMT临床反应相关的专性厌氧菌和产丁酸细菌的细菌活力，供体粪便的直接厌氧处理优于需氧处理条件，包括[具体细菌名称1]、[具体细菌名称2]和[具体细菌名称3]。当样本长期储存时，粪便处理过程中氧气暴露的影响会降低。我们的结果证实了样本处理对于保存对氧敏感的肠道细菌的细菌活力的重要性。供体粪便的厌氧处理可能会提高FMT的临床成功率，这一点应在临床试验中进一步研究。
