Pignatelli Pamela, Nuccio Federica, Piattelli Adriano, Curia Maria Cristina
COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, 74122 Taranto, Italy.
MARICENSELEZ ANCONA, Centro di Selezione M.M., Italian Navy, 60127 Ancona, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 20;11(9):2358. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092358.
In recent years, several studies have suggested a strong association of microorganisms with several human cancers. Two periodontopathogenic species in particular have been mentioned frequently: () and . Chronic periodontal disease has been reported to be a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity, urogenital, intestinal and upper digestive tract. It plays a significant role as a co-aggregation factor, with almost all bacterial species that participate in oral plaque formation acting as a bridge between early and late colonizers. , gives an important inflammatory contribution to tumorigenesis progression and is associated with epithelial-derived malignancies, such as OSCC and CRC. produces an adhesion protein, FadA, which binds to VE-cadherin on endothelial cells and to E-cadherins on epithelial cells. The last binding activates oncogenic pathways, such as Wnt/βcatenin, in oral and colorectal carcinogenesis. also affects immune response because its Fap2 protein interacts with an immune receptor named TIGIT present on some T cells and natural killer cells inhibiting immune cells activities. Morover, release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and initiating inflammation. migrates from the oral cavity and reaches the colon hematogenously but it is not known if in the bloodstream it reaches the CRC as free, erythrocyte-bound bacteria or in OMV. abundance in CRC tissue has been inversely correlated with overall survival (OS). The prevention and treatment of periodontal disease through the improvement of oral hygiene should be included in cancer prevention protocols. FadA virulence factors may also serve as novel targets for therapeutic intervention of oral and colorectal cancer.
近年来，多项研究表明微生物与多种人类癌症之间存在密切关联。尤其有两种牙周致病物种被频繁提及：（）和（）。据报道，慢性牙周病是口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）、结直肠癌（CRC）和胰腺癌的危险因素。（）是一种革兰氏阴性厌氧菌，存在于口腔、泌尿生殖道、肠道和上消化道。它作为一种共聚集因子发挥着重要作用，几乎所有参与口腔菌斑形成的细菌物种都充当早期和晚期定植菌之间的桥梁。（）对肿瘤发生发展具有重要的炎症促进作用，并与上皮源性恶性肿瘤相关，如OSCC和CRC。（）产生一种粘附蛋白FadA，它与内皮细胞上的VE-钙粘蛋白以及上皮细胞上的E-钙粘蛋白结合。最后一种结合激活致癌途径，如口腔和结直肠癌发生中的Wnt/β连环蛋白途径。（）还影响免疫反应，因为其Fap2蛋白与一些T细胞和自然杀伤细胞上存在的名为TIGIT的免疫受体相互作用，抑制免疫细胞活性。此外，（）释放外膜囊泡（OMV），诱导促炎细胞因子的产生并引发炎症。（）从口腔迁移并通过血液到达结肠，但尚不清楚在血液中它是以游离的、与红细胞结合的细菌形式还是以OMV形式到达CRC。（）在CRC组织中的丰度与总生存期（OS）呈负相关。通过改善口腔卫生预防和治疗牙周病应纳入癌症预防方案。FadA毒力因子也可能成为口腔和结直肠癌治疗干预的新靶点。
