Hu Bo, Gai Lixue, Liu Yonglei, Wang Pan, Yu Shuping, Zhu Li, Han Xijiang, Du Yunchen
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
iScience. 2023 Sep 11;26(10):107876. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107876. eCollection 2023 Oct 20.
Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) have made great progress in the past decades, and are playing an increasingly important role in radiation prevention and antiradar detection due to their essential attenuation toward incident EM wave. With the flourish of nanotechnology, the design of high-performance EWAMs is not just dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of single-component medium, but pays more attention to the synergistic effects from different components to generate rich loss mechanisms. Among various candidates, carbides and carbon materials are usually labeled with the features of chemical stability, low density, tunable dielectric property, and diversified morphology/microstructure, and thus the combination of carbides and carbon materials will be a promising way to acquire new EWAMs with good practical application prospects. In this review, we introduce EM loss mechanisms related to dielectric composites, and then highlight the state-of-the-art progress in carbides/carbon composites as high-performance EWAMs, including silicon carbide/carbon, MXene/carbon, molybdenum carbide/carbon, as well as some uncommon carbides/carbon composites and multicomponent composites. The critical information regarding composition optimization, structural engineering, performance reinforcement, and structure-function relationship are discussed in detail. In addition, some challenges and perspectives for the development of carbides/carbon composites are also proposed after comparing the performance of some representative composites.
在过去几十年中，电磁波吸收材料（EWAMs）取得了巨大进展，并且由于其对入射电磁波的本质衰减作用，在辐射防护和反雷达探测中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着纳米技术的蓬勃发展，高性能电磁波吸收材料的设计不再仅仅依赖于单一组分介质的固有特性，而是更加关注不同组分之间的协同效应，以产生丰富的损耗机制。在各种候选材料中，碳化物和碳材料通常具有化学稳定性、低密度、可调介电性能以及多样的形态/微观结构等特点，因此碳化物与碳材料的结合将是获得具有良好实际应用前景的新型电磁波吸收材料的一种有前途的方法。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了与介电复合材料相关的电磁损耗机制，然后重点阐述了作为高性能电磁波吸收材料的碳化物/碳复合材料的最新进展，包括碳化硅/碳、MXene/碳、碳化钼/碳，以及一些不常见的碳化物/碳复合材料和多组分复合材料。详细讨论了有关成分优化、结构工程、性能增强以及结构-功能关系的关键信息。此外，在比较了一些代表性复合材料的性能之后，还提出了碳化物/碳复合材料发展面临的一些挑战和前景。
