Quattrone Andrea, Latorre Anna, Magrinelli Francesca, Mulroy Eoin, Rajan Roopa, Neo Ray Jen, Quattrone Aldo, Rothwell John C, Bhatia Kailash P
Institute of Neurology University "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro Italy.
Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London UK.
Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2023 Jun 9;10(9):1243-1252. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.13798. eCollection 2023 Sep.
In patients with movement disorders, voluntary movements can sometimes be accompanied by unintentional muscle contractions in other body regions. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several motor phenomena including mirror movements, dystonic overflow, synkinesia, entrainment and mirror dystonia, focusing on their similarities and differences. These phenomena share some common clinical and pathophysiological features, which often leads to confusion in their definition. However, they differ in several aspects, such as the body part showing the undesired movement, the type of this movement (identical or not to the intentional movement), the underlying neurological condition, and the role of primary motor areas, descending pathways and inhibitory circuits involved, suggesting that these are distinct phenomena. We summarize the main features of these fascinating clinical signs aiming to improve the clinical recognition and standardize the terminology in research studies. We also suggest that the term "mirror dystonia" may be not appropriate to describe this peculiar phenomenon which may be closer to dystonic overflow rather than to the classical mirror movements.
在运动障碍患者中，自主运动有时会伴有身体其他部位的无意肌肉收缩。在本综述中，我们讨论了几种运动现象的临床和病理生理学方面，包括镜像运动、张力障碍性溢出、联带运动、夹带和镜像张力障碍，重点关注它们的异同。这些现象具有一些共同的临床和病理生理特征，这常常导致它们在定义上的混淆。然而，它们在几个方面存在差异，例如出现不自主运动的身体部位、这种运动的类型（与有意运动是否相同）、潜在的神经状况，以及涉及的初级运动区、下行通路和抑制性回路的作用，这表明这些是不同的现象。我们总结了这些引人入胜的临床体征的主要特征，旨在提高临床识别能力并规范研究中的术语。我们还认为，“镜像张力障碍”一词可能不适用于描述这种特殊现象，它可能更接近张力障碍性溢出而非经典的镜像运动。
