Chettouf Sabrina, Rueda-Delgado Laura M, de Vries Ralph, Ritter Petra, Daffertshofer Andreas
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology, Brain Simulation Section, Berlin, Germany; Amsterdam Movement Sciences & Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jun;113:39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.002. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
Motor control is a fundamental challenge for the central nervous system. In this review, we show that unimanual movements involve bi-hemispheric activation patterns that resemble the bilateral neural activation typically observed for bimanual movements. For unimanual movements, the activation patterns in the ipsilateral hemisphere arguably entail processes that serve to suppress interhemispheric cross-talk through transcallosal tracts. Improper suppression may cause involuntary muscle co-activation and as such it comes as no surprise that these processes depend on the motor task. Identifying the detailed contributions of local and global excitatory and inhibitory cortical processes to this suppression calls for integrating findings from various behavioral paradigms and imaging modalities. Doing so systematically highlights that lateralized activity in left (pre)motor cortex modulates with task complexity, independently of the type of task and the end-effector involved. Despite this lateralization, however, our review supports the idea of bi-hemispheric cortical activation being a fundamental mode of upper extremity motor control.
运动控制是中枢神经系统面临的一项基本挑战。在本综述中，我们表明单手运动涉及双侧半球激活模式，这种模式类似于通常在双手运动中观察到的双侧神经激活。对于单手运动，同侧半球的激活模式可以说是涉及通过胼胝体束抑制半球间串扰的过程。抑制不当可能会导致非自主的肌肉共同激活，因此这些过程依赖于运动任务也就不足为奇了。确定局部和全局兴奋性及抑制性皮质过程对这种抑制的详细贡献，需要整合来自各种行为范式和成像方式的研究结果。系统地这样做突出表明，左（前）运动皮层的偏侧化活动会随着任务复杂性而调节，与任务类型和所涉及的终效应器无关。然而，尽管存在这种偏侧化，我们的综述支持双侧半球皮质激活是上肢运动控制基本模式的观点。
