Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de L'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de L'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
Atherosclerosis. 2023 Oct;382:117285. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117285. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with improved health outcomes. This study aims to describe the metabolomic fingerprints of plant-based diet indices (PDI) and examine their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Danish population.
The MAX study comprised 676 participants (55% women, aged 18-67 y) from Copenhagen. Sociodemographic and dietary data were collected using questionnaires and three 24-h dietary recalls over one year (at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months). Mean dietary intakes were computed, as well as overall PDI, healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful (uPDI) scores, according to food groups for each plant-based index. Clinical variables were also collected at the same time points in a health examination that included complete blood tests. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Plasma metabolites were measured using a targeted metabolomics approach. Metabolites associated with PDI were selected using random forest models and their relationships with PDIs and MetS were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.
The mean prevalence of MetS was 10.8%. High, compared to low, hPDI and uPDI scores were associated with a lower and higher odd of MetS, respectively [odds ratio (95%CI); hPDI: 0.56 (0.43-0.74); uPDI: 1.61 (1.26-2.05)]. Out of 411 quantified plasma metabolites, machine-learning metabolomics fingerprinting revealed 13 metabolites, including food and food-related microbial metabolites, like hypaphorine, indolepropionic acid and lignan-derived enterolactones. These metabolites were associated with all PDIs and were inversely correlated with MetS components (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they had an explainable contribution of 12% and 14% for the association between hPDI or uPDI, respectively, and MetS only among participants with overweight/obesity.
Metabolites associated with PDIs were inversely associated with MetS and its components, and may partially explain the effects of plant-based diets on cardiometabolic risk factors.
植物性饮食模式与改善健康结果有关。本研究旨在描述植物性饮食指数（PDI）的代谢组学特征，并在丹麦人群中研究其与代谢综合征（MetS）及其成分的关系。
MAX 研究包括来自哥本哈根的 676 名参与者（55%为女性，年龄 18-67 岁）。使用问卷和一年中三次 24 小时膳食回忆收集社会人口统计学和饮食数据（基线、6 个月和 12 个月）。根据每个植物性指数的食物组计算平均膳食摄入量，以及整体 PDI、健康（hPDI）和不健康（uPDI）评分。在健康检查中同时收集临床变量，其中包括全面的血液检查。MetS 根据国际糖尿病联合会的标准定义。使用靶向代谢组学方法测量血浆代谢物。使用随机森林模型选择与 PDI 相关的代谢物，并使用广义线性混合模型分析其与 PDIs 和 MetS 的关系。
MetS 的平均患病率为 10.8%。与低 hPDI 和 uPDI 评分相比，高 hPDI 和 uPDI 评分与 MetS 的发生呈负相关和正相关[比值比（95%CI）；hPDI：0.56（0.43-0.74）；uPDI：1.61（1.26-2.05）]。在 411 种定量血浆代谢物中，机器学习代谢组学指纹分析显示了 13 种代谢物，包括食物和食物相关的微生物代谢物，如 Hypaphorine、吲哚丙酸和木质素衍生的肠内酯。这些代谢物与所有 PDIs 相关，并与 MetS 成分呈负相关（p<0.05）。此外，它们对 hPDI 或 uPDI 与 MetS 之间的关联分别有 12%和 14%的可解释贡献，仅在超重/肥胖参与者中。
与 PDIs 相关的代谢物与 MetS 及其成分呈负相关，并且可能部分解释植物性饮食对心血管代谢危险因素的影响。
