亚乙基磺酸乙酯诱变对提高香稻形态生理生化及产量构成性状的影响。

Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate mediated mutation for enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and yield contributing traits of fragrant rice.

机构信息

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), PIEAS, Islamabad, Pakistan.

International Atomic Energy Agency, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2023 Sep 26;11:e15821. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15821. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.7717/peerj.15821

PMID:37780391

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10540773/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Chemical mutagenesis has been successfully used for increasing genetic diversity in crop plants. More than 800 novel mutant types of rice ( L.) have been developed through the successful application of numerous mutagenic agents. Among a wide variety of chemical mutagens, ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS) is the alkylating agent that is most commonly employed in crop plants because it frequently induces nucleotide substitutions as detected in numerous genomes.

METHODS

In this study, seeds of the widely consumed Basmati rice variety (Super Basmati, L.) were treated with EMS at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25% to broaden its narrow genetic base.

RESULTS

Sensitivity to a chemical mutagen such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was determined in the M1 generation. Results in M1 generation revealed that as the levels of applied EMS increased, there was a significant reduction in the germination percent, root length, shoot length, plant height, productive tillers, panicle length, sterile spikelet, total spikelet, and fertility percent as compared to the control under field conditions. All the aforementioned parameters decreased but there was an increase in EMS mutagens in an approximately linear fashion. Furthermore, there was no germination at 1.25% of EMS treatment for seed germination. A 50% germination was recorded between 0.50% and 0.75% EMS treatments. After germination, the subsequent parameters, viz. root length and shoot length had between 05.0% and 0.75% EMS dose levels. Significant variation was noticed in the photosynthetic and water related attributes of fragrant rice. The linear increase in the enzymatic attributes was noticed by the EMS mediated treatments. After the establishment of the plants in the M1 generation in the field, it was observed that for fertility percentage was at EMS 1.0% level, for the rice variety.

CONCLUSION

Hence, it is concluded that for creating genetic variability in the rice variety (Super Basmati), EMS doses from 0.5% to 0.75% are the most efficient, and effective.

摘要

背景

化学诱变已成功用于增加作物的遗传多样性。通过成功应用多种诱变剂，已经开发出 800 多种新型水稻（L.）突变体。在各种化学诱变剂中，乙磺酸乙酯（EMS）是最常用于作物的烷化剂，因为它经常诱导核苷酸取代，如在许多基因组中检测到的那样。

方法

在这项研究中，用 EMS 处理广泛食用的巴斯马蒂大米品种（超级巴斯马蒂，L.）的种子，浓度分别为 0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.0%和 1.25%，以拓宽其狭窄的遗传基础。

结果

在 M1 代中确定了对化学诱变剂如乙磺酸乙酯（EMS）的敏感性。M1 代的结果表明，随着应用 EMS 水平的增加，与田间条件下的对照相比，发芽率、根长、茎长、株高、有效分蘖、穗长、不育小穗、总小穗和结实率显著降低。所有上述参数都减少了，但 EMS 诱变剂呈近似线性增加。此外，在 1.25%的 EMS 处理下，种子没有发芽。在 0.50%至 0.75%的 EMS 处理下，记录到 50%的发芽率。发芽后，根长和茎长等随后的参数在 05.0%至 0.75%的 EMS 剂量水平之间。在香稻的光合和水分相关特性方面观察到显著的变化。通过 EMS 介导的处理观察到酶学属性的线性增加。在 M1 代在田间建立植株后，观察到对于结实率，在 EMS 1.0%水平下，对于水稻品种。