• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利:CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法,用中文像聊天一样搜索,搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐,让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版,准确专业,支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式,支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述,25分钟生成高质量综述,智能提取关键信息,辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

科学、证据、法律和正义。

Science, evidence, law, and justice.

机构信息

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037.

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2312529120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2312529120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.

DOI:10.1073/pnas.2312529120
PMID:37782804
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10576109/
Abstract

For nearly 25 y, the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law (CSTL), of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, has brought together distinguished members of the science and law communities to stimulate discussions that would lead to a better understanding of the role of science in legal decisions and government policies and to a better understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern the conduct of science. Under the leadership of recent CSTL co-chairs David Baltimore and David Tatel, and CSTL director Anne-Marie Mazza, the committee has overseen many interdisciplinary discussions and workshops, such as the international summits on human genome editing and the science of implicit bias, and has delivered advisory consensus reports focusing on topics of broad societal importance, such as dual use research in the life sciences, voting systems, and advances in neural science research using organoids and chimeras. One of the most influential CSTL activities concerns the use of forensic evidence by law enforcement and the courts, with emphasis on the scientific validity of forensic methods and the role of forensic testimony in bringing about justice. As coeditors of this Special Feature, CSTL alumni Tom Albright and Jennifer Mnookin have recruited articles at the intersection of science and law that reveal an emerging scientific revolution of forensic practice, which we hope will engage a broad community of scientists, legal scholars, and members of the public with interest in science-based legal policy and justice reform.

摘要

近 25 年来,美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院的科学、技术和法律委员会(CSTL)一直将杰出的科学界和法律界人士聚集在一起,以激发讨论,从而更好地理解科学在法律决策和政府政策中的作用,更好地理解规范科学行为的法律和监管框架。在最近的 CSTL 联合主席 David Baltimore 和 David Tatel 以及 CSTL 主任 Anne-Marie Mazza 的领导下,委员会监督了许多跨学科讨论和研讨会,如人类基因组编辑和隐性偏见科学的国际峰会,并发布了关注广泛社会重要性主题的咨询共识报告,例如生命科学中的两用研究、投票系统以及使用类器官和嵌合体的神经科学研究进展。CSTL 最具影响力的活动之一是执法和法院使用法医证据,重点是法医方法的科学有效性以及法医证词在实现正义中的作用。作为本特刊的共同编辑,CSTL 校友 Tom Albright 和 Jennifer Mnookin 招募了科学和法律交叉领域的文章,揭示了法医实践的新兴科学革命,我们希望这将吸引广大的科学家、法律学者和对基于科学的法律政策和司法改革感兴趣的公众。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e7ab/10576109/d363edebd718/pnas.2312529120fig01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e7ab/10576109/d363edebd718/pnas.2312529120fig01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e7ab/10576109/d363edebd718/pnas.2312529120fig01.jpg

相似文献

1
Science, evidence, law, and justice.科学、证据、法律和正义。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2312529120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2312529120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
2
Racial justice in psycholegal research and forensic psychology practice: Current advances and a framework for future progress.心理法学研究与法医心理学实践中的种族正义:当前进展与未来进步框架
Law Hum Behav. 2023 Feb;47(1):1-11. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000526.
3
A call for more science in forensic science.呼吁在法医学中引入更多科学。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 May 1;115(18):4541-4544. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1712161115. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
4
Wrongful convictions and claims of false or misleading forensic evidence.错误定罪和虚假或误导性法医证据的主张。
J Forensic Sci. 2023 May;68(3):908-961. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15233. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
5
Renegotiating forensic cultures: between law, science and criminal justice.重新协商法医学文化:介于法律、科学与刑事司法之间
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2013 Mar;44(1):47-59. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2012.09.010. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
6
Crème de la crème in forensic science and legal medicine. The most highly cited articles, authors and journals 1981-2003.法医学和法律医学中的精华。1981年至2003年被引用次数最多的文章、作者和期刊。
Int J Legal Med. 2005 Mar;119(2):59-65. doi: 10.1007/s00414-004-0512-x. Epub 2005 Jan 12.
7
Current State of Forensic Science Improvement in the United States: Lessons from Wrongful Convictions.美国法医科学改进的现状:从错误定罪中吸取的教训。
Forensic Sci Rev. 2024 Jan;36(1):41-54.
8
The AFSP Standard - a lesson for law enforcement agencies.美国预防自杀基金会标准——给执法机构的一个教训。
Sci Justice. 2012 Mar;52(1):17-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2011.07.004. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
9
Use of forensic science in investigating crimes of sexual violence: contrasting its theoretical potential with empirical realities.法医学在性暴力犯罪调查中的应用:理论潜力与实证现实的对比。
Violence Against Women. 2012 Feb;18(2):193-222. doi: 10.1177/1077801212440157.
10
[A century of teaching research and medico-legal assistance in Iaşi].[雅西百年的教学研究与医学法律援助]
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 1982 Jan-Mar;86(1):181-206.

本文引用的文献

1
Enabling witnesses to actively explore faces and reinstate study-test pose during a lineup increases discriminability.使证人在列队辨认过程中积极探索面部特征并重新摆出研究-测试姿势,可提高辨别力。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301845120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301845120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
2
Scientific guidelines for evaluating the validity of forensic feature-comparison methods.科学指南评估法医特征比较方法的有效性。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301843120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301843120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
3
The secret life of crime labs.
犯罪实验室的秘密生活。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2303592120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2303592120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
4
A scientist's take on scientific evidence in the courtroom.科学家对法庭上科学证据的看法。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301839120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301839120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
5
Shifting decision thresholds can undermine the probative value and legal utility of forensic pattern-matching evidence.改变决策阈值会削弱法医学模式匹配证据的证明价值和法律效用。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301844120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301844120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
6
The scientific reinvention of forensic science.法医学的科学重塑。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301840120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301840120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
7
Interpretable algorithmic forensics.可解释算法取证。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301842120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301842120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
8
Forensic science: A judicial perspective.法庭科学:司法视角。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Oct 10;120(41):e2301838120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2301838120. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
9
A comparative analysis of human and AI performance in forensic estimation of physical attributes.人类和人工智能在法医身体特征推断中的性能比较分析。
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 23;13(1):4784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31821-3.
10
How to make better forensic decisions.如何做出更好的法医决策。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 20;119(38):e2206567119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2206567119. Epub 2022 Sep 13.