Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 5;18(10):e0292470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292470. eCollection 2023.
The emergence of COVID-19 has produced unprecedented change in daily life activities leading to major impacts on psychological wellbeing and sleep among individuals worldwide. The study aimed to assess levels of fear, stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia among undergraduate nursing students in four countries two years after the start of the pandemic. An international, multi-centre cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted between December 2021 and April 2022. An on-line questionnaire was distributed via Qualtrics® and JISC® software. Instruments included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index, and a demographics and academic background questionnaire. The independent variables included demographic and academic backgrounds, while fear level, stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were the dependent variables. A total of 918 undergraduate nursing students from KSA, Oman, UK, and UAE were participants in the study. Students presented with stress (91.6%), anxiety (69.1%), depression (59.8%), and insomnia (73.2%). The participants' mean Fear of COVID-19 Scale score was 12.97 (SD = 6.14). There were significant positive relationships between fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Undergraduate nursing students experienced moderate to severe levels of Fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological intervention and peer support are needed to reduce the long-term adverse outcomes of mental health problems and insomnia. It is important to introduce education about crisis management of infectious disease during pandemics into the nursing curriculum to increase student knowledge and improve their preparedness for such emergencies.
新冠疫情的爆发导致日常生活活动发生了前所未有的变化，对全球个体的心理健康和睡眠产生了重大影响。本研究旨在评估新冠疫情开始两年后，四个国家的本科护理学生的恐惧、压力、焦虑、抑郁和失眠水平。这是一项国际、多中心的横断面电子调查，于 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 4 月期间进行。通过 Qualtrics®和 JISC®软件在线分发问卷。仪器包括 COVID-19 恐惧量表、感知压力量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表以及失眠严重程度指数，以及人口统计学和学术背景问卷。自变量包括人口统计学和学术背景，而恐惧水平、压力、焦虑、抑郁和失眠是因变量。来自沙特阿拉伯、阿曼、英国和阿联酋的 918 名本科护理学生参加了这项研究。学生表现出压力（91.6%）、焦虑（69.1%）、抑郁（59.8%）和失眠（73.2%）。参与者的 COVID-19 恐惧量表平均得分为 12.97（SD=6.14）。COVID-19 恐惧、压力、焦虑、抑郁和失眠之间存在显著的正相关关系。新冠疫情爆发两年后，本科护理学生经历了中度至重度的 COVID-19 恐惧、压力、焦虑、抑郁和失眠。需要进行心理干预和同伴支持，以减轻心理健康问题和失眠的长期不良后果。在护理课程中引入传染病危机管理教育以增加学生的知识并提高他们对这类紧急情况的准备是很重要的。
