GEMAP (GI-1243), Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CISPAC, Cidade da Cultura, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Departament de Dret Públic, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167560. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167560. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Anthropogenic or Artificial light at night (ALAN) pollution, or more simply light pollution, is an issue of increasing concern to the general public, as well as to scientists and politicians. However, although advances have been made in terms of scientific knowledge, these advances have not been fully transferred to or considered by politicians. In addition, illumination of stone monuments in urban areas is an emerging contribution to ALAN pollution that has scarcely been considered to date. This paper presents a literature review of the topic of light pollution and related policies, including a bibliometric analysis of studies published between 2020 and 2022. The prevailing legislation in Europe regarding the regulation of outdoor lighting, which emphasises the complexity of controlling light pollution, is summarised and the regulation of monumental lighting in Spain is discussed. Findings concerning the impact of ALAN on biodiversity in urban areas, and the promising biostatic effect of ornamental lighting (halting biological colonization on stone monuments, mainly caused by algae and cyanobacteria) are described. Finally, trends in monument illumination and policymaking towards environmentally sustainable management are considered.
人为或夜间人工照明（ALAN）污染，或者更简单地说光污染，是公众、科学家和政治家越来越关注的问题。然而，尽管在科学知识方面取得了进展，但这些进展尚未被政治家完全采纳或考虑。此外，城市地区的石头纪念碑的照明是导致 ALAN 污染的一个新的贡献因素，迄今为止几乎没有得到考虑。本文对光污染和相关政策的主题进行了文献回顾，包括对 2020 年至 2022 年期间发表的研究进行了文献计量分析。总结了欧洲关于户外照明法规的现行法规，强调了控制光污染的复杂性，并讨论了西班牙的纪念性照明法规。描述了 ALAN 对城市生物多样性的影响，以及装饰性照明的有希望的生物稳定作用（阻止藻类和蓝细菌等主要原因引起的石头纪念碑上的生物定殖）。最后，考虑了纪念碑照明的趋势和政策制定，以实现环境可持续管理。
