Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP: 13416-000, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, CEP: 13635-900, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2023 Nov;173(Pt 1):113345. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113345. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
Red propolis from northeast Brazil contains mainly isoflavonoids as bioactive compounds, and its consumption may counteract unregulated and exacerbated formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, the production of particles using sustainable carriers have been studied to increase the use of propolis as a functional food ingredient. Hence, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by a cell-based epithelial transport on phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of particles of brewer's spent yeasts (BSY) loaded with ethanolic extract of Brazilian red propolis (EEP). As a result, the EEP phenolic diversity decreased throughout the simulated gastrointestinal system, and was modulated by the particle production, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Concomitantly, the antioxidant activity, as assessed by the ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid, generally decreased at a higher extent for the particles of EEP with BSY (EEP-BSY) throughout the experiments. Nonetheless, after epithelial transport through the Caco-2 cell monolayer, the basolateral fraction of both EEP-BSY and EEP decreased the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB by 83% and 65%, respectively, as well as the release of TNF-α (up to 51% and 38%, respectively), and CXCL2/MIP-2 (up to 33% and 25%, respectively). Therefore, BSY may be an interesting carrier for EEP bioencapsulation, since it preserves its anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies should be encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adding it in formulations of functional foods, considering its effect on sensory attributes.
来自巴西东北部的红蜂胶主要含有异黄酮类化合物作为生物活性化合物，其消费可能会对抗不受调节和加剧的活性氧物质和炎症细胞因子/趋化因子的形成。此外，已经研究了使用可持续载体生产颗粒，以增加将蜂胶用作功能性食品成分的用途。因此，这项工作的目的是研究模拟胃肠道消化后上皮细胞转运对载有巴西红蜂胶（EEP）乙醇提取物的啤酒废酵母（BSY）颗粒的酚类谱、抗炎和抗氧化活性的影响。结果，EEP 的酚类多样性在整个模拟胃肠道系统中降低，并且通过颗粒生产进行了调节，如通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间质谱（HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS）检测到的那样。同时，抗氧化活性，如清除过氧自由基和超氧自由基、过氧化氢和次氯酸的能力来评估，对于EEP-BSY 颗粒，在整个实验过程中，通常会以更高的程度降低。尽管如此，在通过 Caco-2 细胞单层进行上皮转运后，EEP-BSY 和 EEP 的基底外侧部分分别将促炎转录因子 NF-κB 的激活降低了 83%和 65%，同时 TNF-α（分别降低了 51%和 38%）和 CXCL2/MIP-2（分别降低了 33%和 25%）的释放。因此，BSY 可能是 EEP 生物包封的有趣载体，因为它保留了其抗炎活性。应该鼓励进一步的研究来调查将其添加到功能性食品配方中的可行性，考虑到它对感官属性的影响。
