Department of Biology, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 8000, Osmaniye, Turkiye; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
TakeAir, Gaston Crommenlaan 8, 9050, Ghent, Belgium.
Theriogenology. 2024 Jan 1;213:66-78. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
Due to the critical contribution of the uterine-associated microbiota in reproductive health, physiology, and performance, culture-independent methods have been increasingly employed to unravel key aspects of microbial ecology in the uterus of cattle. Nowadays, we know that bacterial diversity is crucial to maintain uterine health, however, there is still no consensus on the exact composition of a healthy uterine microbiota (or eubiosis). Generally, loss of bacterial diversity (or dysbiosis) contributes to the development of uterine infections, associated with increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Trueperella, and Porphyromonas. Uterine infections are highly prevalent and gravely influence the profitability of cattle operations, animal welfare, and public health. Thus, understanding the dynamics of uterine microbial ecology is essential to develop effective strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the adverse effects of uterine dysbiosis as well as assisting in the process of restoring the core, healthy uterine microbiota. The aim of this review is to summarize research conducted in the microbial ecology of bovine uteri. We discuss the origin of the uterine microflora of healthy cows and the factors influencing its composition. In addition, we review the biology of specific pathogens that are known to increase in abundance during the occurrence of uterine disease. Lastly, we provide an overview of the bacterial biofilm in the bovine endometrium, and we briefly summarize the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent uterine disease in cattle.
由于子宫相关微生物群在生殖健康、生理学和性能方面的重要贡献，非培养方法已被越来越多地用于揭示牛子宫微生物生态学的关键方面。如今，我们知道细菌多样性对于维持子宫健康至关重要，然而，对于健康的子宫微生物群（或正常菌群）的确切组成仍没有共识。一般来说，细菌多样性的丧失（或失调）会导致子宫感染的发展，与拟杆菌、梭杆菌、真杆菌和卟啉单胞菌的相对丰度增加有关。子宫感染非常普遍，严重影响牛养殖的盈利能力、动物福利和公共卫生。因此，了解子宫微生物生态学的动态对于制定有效的策略至关重要，这些策略侧重于预防和减轻子宫失调的不利影响，并协助恢复核心的健康子宫微生物群。本文的目的是总结牛子宫微生物生态学的研究。我们讨论了健康奶牛子宫微生物群的起源以及影响其组成的因素。此外，我们还回顾了已知在子宫疾病发生时丰度增加的特定病原体的生物学特性。最后，我们概述了牛子宫内膜细菌生物膜，并简要总结了使用益生菌预防牛子宫疾病的原理。
