3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Small Methods. 2024 Jan;8(1):e2300930. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202300930. Epub 2023 Oct 8.
With the rise of engineered living materials (ELMs) as innovative, sustainable and smart systems for diverse engineering and biological applications, global interest in advancing ELMs is on the rise. Graphene-based nanostructures can serve as effective tools to fabricate ELMs. By using graphene-based materials as building units and microorganisms as the designers of the end materials, next-generation ELMs can be engineered with the structural properties of graphene-based materials and the inherent properties of the microorganisms. However, some challenges need to be addressed to fully take advantage of graphene-based nanostructures for the design of next-generation ELMs. This work covers the latest advances in the fabrication and application of graphene-based ELMs. Fabrication strategies of graphene-based ELMs are first categorized, followed by a systematic investigation of the advantages and disadvantages within each category. Next, the potential applications of graphene-based ELMs are covered. Moreover, the challenges associated with fabrication of next-generation graphene-based ELMs are identified and discussed. Based on a comprehensive overview of the literature, the primary challenge limiting the integration of graphene-based nanostructures in ELMs is nanotoxicity arising from synthetic and structural parameters. Finally, we present possible design principles to potentially address these challenges.
随着工程化活材料（ELMs）作为用于各种工程和生物应用的创新、可持续和智能系统的兴起，人们对推进 ELMs 的兴趣正在上升。基于石墨烯的纳米结构可以作为制造 ELMs 的有效工具。通过将基于石墨烯的材料用作构建单元，并将微生物用作最终材料的设计者，可以利用基于石墨烯的材料的结构特性和微生物的固有特性来设计下一代 ELMs。然而，为了充分利用基于石墨烯的纳米结构来设计下一代 ELMs，还需要解决一些挑战。本文涵盖了基于石墨烯的 ELMs 的制造和应用的最新进展。首先对基于石墨烯的 ELMs 的制造策略进行了分类，然后对每一类中的优缺点进行了系统的研究。接下来，介绍了基于石墨烯的 ELMs 的潜在应用。此外，还确定并讨论了制造下一代基于石墨烯的 ELMs 所面临的挑战。通过对文献的全面综述，限制将基于石墨烯的纳米结构集成到 ELMs 中的主要挑战是合成和结构参数引起的纳米毒性。最后，我们提出了一些可能的设计原则来解决这些挑战。
