显赫的巴托里贵族家族成员的基因鉴定。

Genetic identification of members of the prominent Báthory aristocratic family.

作者信息

Gînguță Alexandra, Kovács Bence, Schütz Oszkár, Tihanyi Balázs, Nyerki Emil, Maár Kitti, Maróti Zoltán, Varga Gergely I B, Băcueț-Crișan Dan, Keresztes Timea, Török Tibor, Neparáczki Endre

机构信息

Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary.

Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

出版信息

iScience. 2023 Sep 14;26(10):107911. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107911. eCollection 2023 Oct 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107911

PMID:37810237

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10550723/

Abstract

The Báthory family was one of the most powerful noble families in the medieval Hungarian Kingdom. Their influence peaked during the Ottoman occupation of Hungary, when the only partially autonomous region of the country was Transylvania, under Turkish protectorate. Several members of the family became Princes of Transylvania, and one of them, István Báthory, was also the elected King of Poland. We hereby present the first genetic data about this extinct family. Archaeological excavations in Pericei, a settlement now part of Romania, revealed the former family chapel of the Báthory family. Through this work, two Báthory family members were successfully identified among the 13 skeletons found at the site. The presence of Y chromosome haplogroup R-S498 fits the historical account describing the family's German (Swabian) origins. Their genomic composition also indicates a family of Germanic origin that intermixed with medieval Hungarians.

摘要

巴托里家族是中世纪匈牙利王国最有权势的贵族家族之一。在奥斯曼帝国占领匈牙利期间，他们的影响力达到顶峰，当时该国唯一部分自治的地区是处于土耳其保护之下的特兰西瓦尼亚。该家族的几名成员成为特兰西瓦尼亚的王子，其中一人，伊什特万·巴托里，还当选为波兰国王。在此，我们展示关于这个已灭绝家族的首批基因数据。在现今罗马尼亚境内的一个名为佩里切伊的定居点进行的考古发掘，发现了巴托里家族从前的家族小教堂。通过这项工作，在该遗址发现的13具骨骼中成功鉴定出两名巴托里家族成员。Y染色体单倍群R-S498的存在符合描述该家族德国（施瓦本）起源的历史记载。他们的基因组构成也表明这是一个起源于日耳曼且与中世纪匈牙利人混血的家族。