Vieira Zezzo Larissa, Pereira Coltri Priscila, Dubreuil Vincent
Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Carlos Gomes, 250 - Code Postal: 13083-855. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
LETG-Rennes, University of Rennes 2, UMR-6554-CNRS, Place du Recteur Henri Le Moal, Rennes, France.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Oct 9;195(11):1284. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11906-2.
Urban climate analysis usually uses data from weather stations, traverse, or satellite images. However, this methodology also has its limitations, since the series of data for climate monitoring can be scarce. Another option that has been earning attention in recent years is numeric models, which perform simulations in urban climate. Obtaining climate data is extremely important for climatology, as well as for related areas, such as urban planning, which uses this data to know how to best order the territory according to climate conditions and their projections. Our study aimed to carry out a literature review regarding urban heat island analysis methodologies, with emphasis on the use of models. We evaluated over 200 scientific documents and we used 68 in the results of this work, reporting different types of models. The results indicated that most of the works on urban climate use a more traditional methodological approach, with fieldwork, whereas studies with models have been carried out in a specific way, especially in cities in the northern hemisphere. Among the articles evaluated, the majority were published in Elsevier publisher journals, which have a more interdisciplinary approach. The most studied models were ENVI-met, SOLWEIG, PALM-4U, RayMan, and TEB. In this way, this work pointed out, unlike other works of review in urban climate methodologies, the difficulty in obtaining field data, emphasizing their importance, with regard to studies of urban heat islands and urban planning. We also conclude that the progress and development of the state of the art in numerical models are conditioned to scientific investment in the area.
城市气候分析通常使用来自气象站、横断面测量或卫星图像的数据。然而，这种方法也有其局限性，因为用于气候监测的数据系列可能很稀缺。近年来受到关注的另一种选择是数值模型，它可以对城市气候进行模拟。获取气候数据对气候学以及相关领域（如城市规划）极为重要，城市规划利用这些数据来了解如何根据气候条件及其预测以最佳方式规划区域。我们的研究旨在对城市热岛分析方法进行文献综述，重点是模型的使用。我们评估了200多篇科学文献，并在这项工作的结果中使用了68篇，报告了不同类型的模型。结果表明，大多数关于城市气候的研究采用更传统的方法，即实地调查，而使用模型的研究则以特定方式进行，特别是在北半球的城市。在评估的文章中，大多数发表在具有跨学科方法的爱思唯尔出版社的期刊上。研究最多的模型是ENVI-met、SOLWEIG、PALM - 4U、RayMan和TEB。通过这种方式，与城市气候方法的其他综述工作不同，这项工作指出了获取实地数据的困难，强调了它们在城市热岛和城市规划研究方面的重要性。我们还得出结论，数值模型领域的技术发展和进步取决于该领域的科学投入。
