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强调反应者的速度或准确性会调节但不会消除视觉搜索中分心物引起的放弃效应。

Emphasizing responder speed or accuracy modulates but does not abolish the distractor-induced quitting effect in visual search.

机构信息

Griffith University, Southport, Australia.

University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.

出版信息

Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2023 Oct 10;8(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s41235-023-00516-8.

Abstract

When a highly salient distractor is present in a search array, it speeds target absent visual search and increases errors during target present visual search, suggesting lowered quitting thresholds (Moher in Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 2020). Missing a critical target in the presence of a highly salient distractor can have dire consequences in real-world search tasks where accurate target detection is crucial, such as baggage screening. As such, the current study examined whether emphasizing either accuracy or speed would eliminate the distractor-generated quitting threshold effect (QTE). Three blocks of a target detection search task which included a highly salient distractor on half of all trials were used. In one block, participants received no instructions or feedback regarding performance. In the remaining two blocks, they received instructions and trial-by-trial feedback that either emphasized response speed or response accuracy. Overall, the distractor lowered quitting thresholds, regardless of whether response speed or response accuracy was emphasized in a block of trials. However, the effect of the distractor on target misses was smaller when accuracy was emphasized. It, therefore, appears that while the distractor QTE is not easily eradicated by explicit instructions and feedback, it can be shifted. As such, future research should examine the applicability of these and similar strategies in real-world search scenarios.

摘要

当高度突显的分心物出现在搜索数组中时,它会加速目标不存在的视觉搜索,并增加目标存在的视觉搜索中的错误,表明退出阈值降低(Moher 在 Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 2020)。在存在高度突显的分心物的情况下错过关键目标,可能会对现实世界的搜索任务产生严重后果,例如行李检查。因此,本研究检查了强调准确性或速度是否会消除分心物产生的退出阈值效应(QTE)。使用了包含一半试验中都有高度突显分心物的目标检测搜索任务的三个块。在一个块中,参与者没有收到关于表现的任何说明或反馈。在其余两个块中,他们收到了强调响应速度或响应准确性的说明和逐次反馈。总体而言,无论在一个试验块中强调响应速度还是响应准确性,分心物都会降低退出阈值。然而,当强调准确性时,分心物对目标错过的影响较小。因此,尽管明显的分心物 QTE 不容易通过明确的指示和反馈消除,但它可以转移。因此,未来的研究应该在真实的搜索场景中检验这些和类似策略的适用性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d32/10564694/e531b5f9cabc/41235_2023_516_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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