Sitaula Deekshanta, Dhakal Aarati, Mandal Sujit K, Bhattarai Nisha, Silwal Amisha, Adhikari Pradeep, Gupta Shikha R, Khatri Dhan, Lageju Nimesh, Guragain Bhimsagar
Rasuwa Hospital Dhunche Bagmati Province Nepal.
Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Dhulikhel Nepal.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 8;6(10):e1614. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1614. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Noncommunicable diseases have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide among which the majority of the deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases. Estimating the risk of cardiovascular diseases helps eliminate the risk factors and prevent developing cardiovascular diseases in the future. The World Health Organization in association with the International Society of Hypertension has developed risk charts for the estimation of 10-year risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk in the Nepalese population using nonlaboratory-based charts.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 314 adults aged 40-74 years visiting the outpatient departments of Shishuwa Hospital in western Nepal. Systematic random sampling was used to select the participants. Questionnaire-guided short interviews, physical examination, and anthropometric measurements were done. The test was used to test the significance and a < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
As per the risk estimation charts, high cardiovascular risk (20%-30%) was seen in 6.1% of total participants and moderate cardiovascular risk (10%-20%) was found in 29% of participants. The moderate-high risk was significantly higher among male participants compared to females ( < 0.01). Of all the participants, 22.0% were current smokers, 17.2% were alcohol users, 61.1% were hypertensive, and 35.7% were diabetics. Smoking tobacco, alcohol use, and hypertension were significantly more prevalent among the male participants. ( < 0.01) Adults in the 50-59 years age group had a significantly high prevalence of hypertension ( < 0.01), diabetes ( = 0.02), and alcohol abuse ( = 0.01).
This study shows high cardiovascular risk among adult population in western Nepal. The 10-year cardiovascular risk score and risk factors were significantly higher among males than females. There seems to be a prompt necessity of health promotion interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and prevent the burden of cardiovascular diseases in Nepal.
非传染性疾病已成为全球发病和死亡的主要原因，其中大多数死亡由心血管疾病引起。评估心血管疾病风险有助于消除风险因素并预防未来心血管疾病的发生。世界卫生组织与国际高血压学会联合制定了心血管疾病10年风险评估图表。本研究旨在使用非实验室图表评估尼泊尔人群的10年心血管疾病风险。
在尼泊尔西部的希舒瓦医院门诊部对314名40 - 74岁的成年人进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样选取参与者。进行了问卷引导的简短访谈、体格检查和人体测量。使用 检验来检验显著性， ＜0.05被认为具有统计学显著性。
根据风险评估图表，6.1%的总参与者存在高心血管疾病风险（20% - 30%），29%的参与者存在中度心血管疾病风险（10% - 20%）。男性参与者的中度 - 高风险显著高于女性（ ＜0.01）。在所有参与者中，22.0%为当前吸烟者，17.2%为饮酒者，61.1%患有高血压，35.7%患有糖尿病。吸烟、饮酒和高血压在男性参与者中显著更为普遍（ ＜0.01）。50 - 59岁年龄组的成年人高血压（ ＜0.01）、糖尿病（ = 0.02）和酗酒（ = 0.01）的患病率显著较高。
本研究表明尼泊尔西部成年人群心血管疾病风险较高。男性的10年心血管疾病风险评分和风险因素显著高于女性。在尼泊尔，似乎迫切需要开展健康促进干预措施以降低心血管疾病风险因素并预防心血管疾病负担。
