Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 5;12:1407918. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407918. eCollection 2024.
Knowledge of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the population is an important risk management strategy for the prevention of this disease. This is especially true for India, which has resource-restrained settings with an increased risk in a younger population for the development of the disease. An important modifiable risk factor for CVD is hypertension, with its influence on the development of CVD.
The data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) was used to calculate the 10-year CVD Risk Score among older adults ≥45 years using a WHO (2019) non-laboratory- based chart for South Asia. Univariate analysis was done using Pearson's chi-square test, and multivariable analysis using ordinal logistic regression. Categories of CVD risk score were considered as dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables, regular exercise, history of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were considered as the independent variables. Relationship between CVD Risk score and hypertensives and self-reported hypertensives were presented using restricted cubic splines.
Two-thirds (68.8%) of the population had a 10-year CVD risk of <10, and 2.8% had a risk of ≥20%. The self-reported hypertensives were distributed linearly in restricted cubic splines, with a more scattered distribution in higher scores, while actual hypertensives showed a sigmoid pattern. Urban residents (OR-0.88), being unmarried (OR-0.86), being in the richer (OR-0.94) and richest (OR-0.86) monthly expenditure (MPCE) quintile and exercising regularly (OR-0.68) decreased the odds of being in a higher CVD risk score. Less than primary schooling (1.21) and diabetics (1.69) had higher odds for a higher CVD risk score.
In this population, two-thirds had <10% risk for the development of CVD. The study shows a higher risk among rural, poor, and those with a lower education and lower CVD risk for those undertaking physical activity. The sigmoid pattern in actual hypertensives highlights the need for early detection. Even those with undiagnosed hypertension but with a higher BP had a similar risk for disease development, thus highlighting the need for an early detection of hypertension.
了解人群中心血管疾病 (CVD) 的发病风险是预防这种疾病的重要风险管理策略。对于印度来说，这一点尤为重要，因为印度资源有限，且其年轻人群的疾病发病风险增加。CVD 的一个重要可改变的危险因素是高血压，它对 CVD 的发展有影响。
使用来自印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）第一波的数据，使用世界卫生组织（2019 年）南亚非实验室基础图表计算年龄在 45 岁及以上的老年人的 10 年 CVD 风险评分。使用 Pearson 卡方检验进行单变量分析，使用有序逻辑回归进行多变量分析。CVD 风险评分的类别被视为因变量。社会人口统计学变量、定期运动、糖尿病和高脂血症史被视为自变量。使用受限立方样条呈现 CVD 风险评分与高血压患者和自我报告的高血压患者之间的关系。
三分之二（68.8%）的人群 10 年 CVD 风险<10%，2.8%的人群风险≥20%。自我报告的高血压患者在受限立方样条中呈线性分布，高分时分布更为分散，而实际高血压患者呈 S 型模式。城市居民（OR-0.88）、未婚（OR-0.86）、收入较高（OR-0.94）和最高（OR-0.86）月支出（MPCE）五分位数和定期运动（OR-0.68）会降低处于较高 CVD 风险评分的可能性。受教育程度较低（OR-1.21）和糖尿病患者（OR-1.69）发生 CVD 风险评分较高的可能性较高。
在该人群中，三分之二的人 CVD 发病风险<10%。该研究表明，农村地区、贫困地区、受教育程度较低的人群以及进行体育活动的人群 CVD 风险较低。实际高血压患者的 S 型模式突出了早期检测的必要性。即使是那些未被诊断出患有高血压但血压较高的患者，其疾病发展的风险也相似，因此突出了早期检测高血压的必要性。
