Eidukaite Audrone, Gorbikova Evelina, Miskinyte Monika, Adomaite Ieva, Rudzeviciene Odilija, Siaurys Almantas, Miskiniene Asta
Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
JSC "In Novum", Vilnius, Lithuania.
World Allergy Organ J. 2023 Oct 4;16(10):100827. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100827. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Over the last few decades, there was observed an increase of asthma and allergic rhinitis cases caused by allergy to pets.
This study aimed to analyze molecular sensitization patterns to dog and cat allergens in Lithuanian children who were experiencing allergy-like symptoms.
A total of 574 children (0-18 years) were tested for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels with ALEX (ALEX, Allergy Explorer Test System). Positive sera were further analyzed for sensitization to cat (Fel d 1, Fel d 2, Fel d 4, and Fel d 7) and dog (Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 4, Can f 5, and Can f 6) allergen components.
Two hundred forty-seven children tested positive (sIgE ≥0.3 kUA/L) to at least 1 dog or cat allergen component. There were 61.1% children sensitized to components from both sources, 29.2% - exclusively to cat, and 9.7% - to dog components. The major sensitizers were Fel d 1 (84.8%) and Can f 1 (59.4%). There were 42.9% patients sensitized to 3 or more different mammalian protein families and 40.4% - to 3 or more lipocalins. There were 5.7% of children sensitized both to Fel d 1 + Fel d 4 and Can f 1/2 + Can f 5, indicating the high risk of severe asthma. Monosensitization to Fel d 1 was the dominant pattern among Lithuanian children (26.3%).
The majority of children were cat/dog-polysensitized, although sensitization only to cat allergens was most observed. Extensive molecular profiling can be an useful tool for accurate true sensitization diagnosis and prognosis of disease severity.
在过去几十年中，因对宠物过敏导致的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎病例有所增加。
本研究旨在分析立陶宛出现过敏样症状儿童对猫和狗过敏原的分子致敏模式。
使用ALEX（过敏探索者检测系统）对总共574名儿童（0至18岁）进行过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）水平检测。对阳性血清进一步分析对猫（猫过敏原1、猫过敏原2、猫过敏原4和猫过敏原7）和狗（犬过敏原1、犬过敏原2、犬过敏原3、犬过敏原4、犬过敏原5和犬过敏原6）过敏原成分的致敏情况。
247名儿童对至少一种狗或猫过敏原成分检测呈阳性（sIgE≥0.3 kUA/L）。61.1%的儿童对两种来源的成分均致敏，29.2%仅对猫致敏，9.7%仅对狗成分致敏。主要致敏原为猫过敏原1（84.8%）和犬过敏原1（59.4%）。42.9%的患者对3种或更多不同哺乳动物蛋白家族致敏，40.4%对3种或更多脂质运载蛋白致敏。5.7%的儿童同时对猫过敏原1 + 猫过敏原4和犬过敏原1/2 + 犬过敏原5致敏，表明有严重哮喘的高风险。在立陶宛儿童中，对猫过敏原1的单一致敏是主要模式（26.3%）。
大多数儿童对猫/狗多重致敏，尽管观察到最多的是仅对猫过敏原致敏。广泛的分子谱分析可能是准确诊断真正致敏情况和疾病严重程度预后的有用工具。
