Li Huanxin, Gong Yi, Zhou Haihui, Li Jing, Yang Kai, Mao Boyang, Zhang Jincan, Shi Yan, Deng Jinhai, Mao Mingxuan, Huang Zhongyuan, Jiao Shuqiang, Kuang Yafei, Zhao Yunlong, Luo Shenglian
State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
Nat Commun. 2023 Oct 12;14(1):6407. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42108-6.
Extreme fast charging of Ampere-hour (Ah)-scale electrochemical energy storage devices targeting charging times of less than 10 minutes are desired to increase widespread adoption. However, this metric is difficult to achieve in conventional Li-ion batteries due to their inherent reaction mechanism and safety hazards at high current densities. In this work, we report 1 Ah soft-package potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (PIHCs), which combine the merits of high-energy density of battery-type negative electrodes and high-power density of capacitor-type positive electrodes. The PIHC consists of a defect-rich, high specific surface area N-doped carbon nanotube-based positive electrode, MnO quantum dots inlaid spacing-expanded carbon nanotube-based negative electrode, carbonate-based non-aqueous electrolyte, and a binder- and current collector-free cell design. Through the optimization of the cell configuration, electrodes, and electrolyte, the full cells (1 Ah) exhibit a cell voltage up to 4.8 V, high full-cell level specific energy of 140 Wh kg (based on the whole mass of device) with a full charge of 6 minutes. An 88% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 10 C (10 A) and a voltage retention of 99% at 25 ± 1 °C are also demonstrated.
为了扩大应用范围，人们期望对安培小时（Ah）级电化学储能装置进行极快速充电，目标充电时间少于10分钟。然而，由于传统锂离子电池固有的反应机制以及在高电流密度下的安全隐患，这一指标很难实现。在这项工作中，我们报道了1 Ah的软包钾离子混合超级电容器（PIHC），它结合了电池型负极的高能量密度和电容型正极的高功率密度的优点。该PIHC由富含缺陷、高比表面积的氮掺杂碳纳米管基正极、镶嵌在间距扩大的碳纳米管基负极中的MnO量子点、碳酸盐基非水电解质以及无粘结剂和集流体的电池设计组成。通过对电池结构、电极和电解质的优化，全电池（1 Ah）展现出高达4.8 V的电池电压、140 Wh kg的高全电池级比能量（基于装置的总质量），且充电6分钟即可充满。在10 C（10 A）下循环200次后容量保持率为88%，在25±1°C下电压保持率为99%。
