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揭开阿图拉洞穴（西班牙北部）深处的马格德林艺术家的技能和动机。

Unravelling the skills and motivations of Magdalenian artists in the depths of Atxurra Cave (Northern Spain).

机构信息

Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Universidad de Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain.

Departamento Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 13;13(1):17340. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44520-w.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-44520-w
PMID:37833336
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575969/
Abstract

Atxurra cave has a decorated assemblage composed of more than a hundred engraved animal depictions. All of them are located in deep parts of the cave and most of them are hidden in raised areas, away from the main path. The main sector is the "Ledge of the Horses", located at 330 m from the entrance of the cave. It is a space of 12 m long and 1.5 m wide, elevated 4 m above the cave floor. This area includes almost fifty engraved and painted animals accompanied by a dozen flint tools, three fireplaces, and around one hundred charcoal fragments from torches. This extraordinary archaeological record allows us to value the complexity of the artistic production inside the caves during the Upper Palaeolithic. Our study has confirmed that there is planning prior to artistic production, both in terms of the iconographic aspects (themes, techniques, formats), its location (visibility, capacity), and the lighting systems. Furthermore, the data indicates the panel was decorated to be seen by third parties from different positions and was expressly illuminated for this purpose. This evidence supports the role of rock art as a visual communication system in Upper Palaeolithic societies.

摘要

阿图拉拉洞穴拥有一个由一百多个动物雕刻组成的装饰性组合。它们都位于洞穴的深处，其中大部分隐藏在凸起的区域，远离主要路径。主要区域是“马的壁架”，位于洞穴入口处 330 米处。它是一个长 12 米，宽 1.5 米，高出洞穴地面 4 米的空间。这个区域包括近五十个雕刻和绘画的动物，还有十几个燧石工具、三个壁炉，以及大约一百个火炬的木炭碎片。这个非凡的考古记录使我们能够评估旧石器时代晚期洞穴内艺术创作的复杂性。我们的研究已经证实，在艺术创作之前，无论是在图像方面（主题、技术、格式）、其位置（可见度、容量）还是照明系统方面，都有规划。此外，数据表明，这个面板是为了让从不同位置的第三方看到而装饰的，并为此目的进行了特别的照明。这一证据支持了岩画作为旧石器时代社会视觉交流系统的作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/cab8a3f17d6b/41598_2023_44520_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/f581be00ad2c/41598_2023_44520_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/4f21f31ea03a/41598_2023_44520_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/35ae538e016d/41598_2023_44520_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/feb73d2658ed/41598_2023_44520_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/34cd54d1eeae/41598_2023_44520_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/bd1b323510ac/41598_2023_44520_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/cab8a3f17d6b/41598_2023_44520_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/f581be00ad2c/41598_2023_44520_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/4f21f31ea03a/41598_2023_44520_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/35ae538e016d/41598_2023_44520_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/feb73d2658ed/41598_2023_44520_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/34cd54d1eeae/41598_2023_44520_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/bd1b323510ac/41598_2023_44520_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b5bd/10575969/cab8a3f17d6b/41598_2023_44520_Fig7_HTML.jpg

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