Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Molecular Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 22;24(19):14460. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914460.
Nearly half of children with fragile X syndrome experience sleep problems including trouble falling asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings. The goals here were to assess sleep-wake cycles in mice in response to genotype and a dietary intervention that reduces hyperactivity. Electroencephalography (EEG) results were compared with published rest-activity patterns to determine if actigraphy is a viable surrogate for sleep EEG. Specifically, sleep-wake patterns in adult wild type and littermate mice were recorded after EEG electrode implantation and the recordings manually scored for vigilance states. The data indicated that mice exhibited sleep-wake patterns similar to wild type littermates when maintained on a control purified ingredient diet. Treatment with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet increased the percentage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in both wild type and mice during the dark cycle, which corresponded to decreased activity levels. Treatment with a ketogenic diet flattened diurnal sleep periodicity in both wild type and mice. Differences in several sleep microstructure outcomes (number and length of sleep and wake bouts) supported the altered sleep states in response to a ketogenic diet and were correlated with altered rest-activity cycles. While actigraphy may be a less expensive, reduced labor surrogate for sleep EEG during the dark cycle, daytime resting in mice did not correlate with EEG sleep states.
近一半的脆性 X 综合征儿童存在睡眠问题，包括入睡困难和夜间频繁醒来。本研究旨在评估基因型和减少过度活跃的饮食干预对小鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响。将脑电图 (EEG) 结果与已发表的静息-活动模式进行比较，以确定活动记录仪是否可作为睡眠 EEG 的替代物。具体而言，在 EEG 电极植入后记录成年野生型和同窝小鼠的睡眠-觉醒模式，并手动对警戒状态进行评分。数据表明，在维持对照纯化成分饮食时， 小鼠表现出与野生型同窝小鼠相似的睡眠-觉醒模式。高脂肪、低碳水化合物生酮饮食增加了野生型和 小鼠在暗周期中非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠的百分比，这与活动水平降低相对应。生酮饮食使野生型和 小鼠的日间睡眠周期性变平。几种睡眠微观结构结果（睡眠和觉醒次数和长度）的差异支持了生酮饮食引起的睡眠状态改变，并与改变的静息-活动周期相关。虽然在暗周期中，活动记录仪可能是一种更便宜、劳动强度更低的睡眠 EEG 替代物，但小鼠白天的休息与 EEG 睡眠状态无关。
