Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 24;24(19):14495. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914495.
Bitter gourd ( L.) contains rich bioactive ingredients and secondary metabolites; hence, it has been used as medicine and food product. This study systematically quantified the nutrient contents, the total content of phenolic acids (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and triterpenoids (TTC) in seven different cultivars of bitter gourd. This study also estimated the organic acid content and antioxidative capacity of different cultivars of bitter gourd. Although the TPC, TFC, TTC, organic acid content, and antioxidative activity differed significantly among different cultivars of bitter gourd, significant correlations were also observed in the obtained data. In the metabolomics analysis, 370 secondary metabolites were identified in seven cultivars of bitter gourd; flavonoids and phenolic acids were significantly more. Differentially accumulated metabolites identified in this study were mainly associated with secondary metabolic pathways, including pathways of flavonoid, flavonol, isoflavonoid, flavone, folate, and phenylpropanoid biosyntheses. A number of metabolites ( = 27) were significantly correlated (positive or negative) with antioxidative capacity (r ≥ 0.7 and < 0.05). The outcomes suggest that bitter gourd contains a plethora of bioactive compounds; hence, bitter gourd may potentially be applied in developing novel molecules of medicinal importance.
苦瓜（L.）含有丰富的生物活性成分和次生代谢产物；因此，它被用作药物和食品。本研究系统地定量了苦瓜七个不同品种的营养成分、总酚酸含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）和总三萜含量（TTC）。本研究还评估了不同品种苦瓜的有机酸含量和抗氧化能力。尽管不同品种苦瓜的 TPC、TFC、TTC、有机酸含量和抗氧化活性存在显著差异，但在获得的数据中也观察到了显著的相关性。在代谢组学分析中，在七个苦瓜品种中鉴定出 370 种次生代谢物；黄酮类和酚酸类物质明显更多。本研究中鉴定的差异积累代谢物主要与次生代谢途径相关，包括黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类、黄酮类、叶酸类和苯丙素类生物合成途径。许多代谢物（= 27）与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关（r≥0.7 和 < 0.05）或负相关。结果表明，苦瓜含有丰富的生物活性化合物；因此，苦瓜可能有潜力应用于开发具有医学重要性的新型分子。
