Hesami Mohsen, Pepe Marco, de Ronne Maxime, Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi Mohsen, Adamek Kristian, Torkamaneh Davoud, Jones Andrew Maxwell Phineas
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 27;24(19):14625. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914625.
Differential gene expression profiles of various cannabis calli including non-embryogenic and embryogenic (i.e., rooty and embryonic callus) were examined in this study to enhance our understanding of callus development in cannabis and facilitate the development of improved strategies for plant regeneration and biotechnological applications in this economically valuable crop. A total of 6118 genes displayed significant differential expression, with 1850 genes downregulated and 1873 genes upregulated in embryogenic callus compared to non-embryogenic callus. Notably, 196 phytohormone-related genes exhibited distinctly different expression patterns in the calli types, highlighting the crucial role of plant growth regulator (PGRs) signaling in callus development. Furthermore, 42 classes of transcription factors demonstrated differential expressions among the callus types, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of callus development. The evaluation of epigenetic-related genes revealed the differential expression of 247 genes in all callus types. Notably, histone deacetylases, chromatin remodeling factors, and EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 emerged as key epigenetic-related genes, displaying upregulation in embryogenic calli compared to non-embryogenic calli. Their upregulation correlated with the repression of embryogenesis-related genes, including LEC2, AGL15, and BBM, presumably inhibiting the transition from embryogenic callus to somatic embryogenesis. These findings underscore the significance of epigenetic regulation in determining the developmental fate of cannabis callus. Generally, our results provide comprehensive insights into gene expression dynamics and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of diverse cannabis calli. The observed repression of auxin-dependent pathway-related genes may contribute to the recalcitrant nature of cannabis, shedding light on the challenges associated with efficient cannabis tissue culture and regeneration protocols.
本研究检测了包括非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织（即生根愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织）在内的各种大麻愈伤组织的差异基因表达谱，以加深我们对大麻愈伤组织发育的理解，并促进制定改进策略，用于这种经济价值作物的植物再生和生物技术应用。与非胚性愈伤组织相比，共有6118个基因表现出显著的差异表达，其中1850个基因在胚性愈伤组织中下调，1873个基因上调。值得注意的是，196个与植物激素相关的基因在不同类型的愈伤组织中表现出明显不同的表达模式，突出了植物生长调节剂（PGRs）信号传导在愈伤组织发育中的关键作用。此外，42类转录因子在不同类型的愈伤组织中表现出差异表达，表明它们参与了愈伤组织发育的调控。对表观遗传相关基因的评估揭示了所有愈伤组织类型中247个基因的差异表达。值得注意的是，组蛋白脱乙酰酶、染色质重塑因子和EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2成为关键的表观遗传相关基因，与非胚性愈伤组织相比，它们在胚性愈伤组织中上调。它们的上调与包括LEC2、AGL15和BBM在内的胚胎发生相关基因的抑制相关，可能抑制了从胚性愈伤组织到体细胞胚胎发生的转变。这些发现强调了表观遗传调控在决定大麻愈伤组织发育命运中的重要性。总体而言，我们的结果为不同大麻愈伤组织发育的基因表达动态和分子机制提供了全面的见解。观察到的生长素依赖性途径相关基因的抑制可能导致了大麻的难培养特性，揭示了高效大麻组织培养和再生方案所面临的挑战。
