Ingvardsen Christina Rønn, Brinch-Pedersen Henrik
Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 8;14:1154332. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154332. eCollection 2023.
L. is an ancient crop used for fiber and seed production and not least for its content of cannabinoids used for medicine and as an intoxicant drug. Due to the psychedelic effect of one of the compounds, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), many countries had regulations or bands on Cannabis growing, also as fiber or seed crop. Recently, as many of these regulations are getting less tight, the interest for the many uses of this crop is increasing. Cannabis is dioecious and highly heterogenic, making traditional breeding costly and time consuming. Further, it might be difficult to introduce new traits without changing the cannabinoid profile. Genome editing using new breeding techniques might solve these problems. The successful use of genome editing requires sequence information on suitable target genes, a genome editing tool to be introduced into plant tissue and the ability to regenerate plants from transformed cells. This review summarizes the current status of Cannabis breeding, uncovers potentials and challenges of Cannabis in an era of new breeding techniques and finally suggests future focus areas that may help to improve our overall understanding of Cannabis and realize the potentials of the plant.
大麻是一种古老的作物，用于生产纤维和种子，尤其是因其所含的大麻素可用于医药和作为麻醉药品。由于其中一种化合物四氢大麻酚（THC）具有致幻作用，许多国家对大麻种植都有相关规定或禁令，即使是作为纤维或种子作物种植也不例外。最近，随着许多此类规定变得不那么严格，人们对这种作物多种用途的兴趣正在增加。大麻是雌雄异株且高度异质的，这使得传统育种成本高昂且耗时。此外，在不改变大麻素谱的情况下引入新性状可能很困难。使用新育种技术进行基因组编辑或许可以解决这些问题。成功使用基因组编辑需要合适靶基因的序列信息、一种可导入植物组织的基因组编辑工具以及从转化细胞再生植物的能力。本综述总结了大麻育种的现状，揭示了在新育种技术时代大麻面临的潜力和挑战，并最终提出了未来的重点关注领域，这可能有助于增进我们对大麻的全面了解并实现该植物的潜力。
