Grzywacz Elżbieta, Brzuchalski Bogusław, Śmiarowska Małgorzata, Malinowski Damian, Machoy-Mokrzyńska Anna, Białecka Monika Anna
Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 25;12(19):6185. doi: 10.3390/jcm12196185.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which refers to alcohol consumption by pregnant women, is associated with the risk of numerous severe complications during fetal development. The State Agency for Alcohol Problem Solving reports that the incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Poland's general population is over 1.7%, and the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is estimated at more than 0.5%. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of alcohol exposure and focused on the pattern of alcohol intoxication exhibited by the mother during pregnancy and other environmental factors of the maternal environment contributing to the development of FASD. The study covered 554 subjects, including 251 mothers and 303 children (213 girls and 90 boys). The mother's drinking problem was determined based on the information obtained from the case history. All children qualified for the study fulfilled the h-PAE (high alcohol exposure) criteria during their fetal life. The clinical diagnosis of FAS and pFAS (occurrence of morphological symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome) was made using a four-digit diagnostic questionnaire validated in the Polish version of the Washington Questionnaire for the assessment of the spectrum of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders or alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARND/C). Statistical analysis of the obtained research results was developed using statistical software-STATISTICA PL, version 13.1 (StatSoft, Inc., Szczecin, Poland 2016, STATISTICA-data analysis software system, version 13.1). The most destructive drinking behaviors are compulsive intoxication (BD, binge drinking) during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and chronic addiction throughout its duration (CHD, chronic drinking). Chronic alcohol intoxication (CHD) leads to a poorer nutritional status in mothers, which is reflected in a lower body mass index (BMI) (<18 kg/m).
产前酒精暴露（PAE）是指孕妇饮酒，与胎儿发育期间出现众多严重并发症的风险相关。国家酒精问题解决机构报告称，波兰普通人群中胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的发病率超过1.7%，胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）的发病率估计超过0.5%。本研究旨在评估酒精暴露的影响，并重点关注母亲在孕期表现出的酒精中毒模式以及母体环境中导致FASD发生的其他环境因素。该研究涵盖了554名受试者，包括251名母亲和303名儿童（213名女孩和90名男孩）。母亲的饮酒问题是根据病历中获得的信息确定的。所有符合研究条件的儿童在胎儿期均符合高酒精暴露（h-PAE）标准。FAS和pFAS（胎儿酒精综合征形态学症状的出现）的临床诊断使用在波兰版华盛顿问卷中验证的四位数诊断问卷进行，该问卷用于评估酒精相关神经发育障碍或酒精相关认知障碍（ARND/C）谱系。使用统计软件STATISTICA PL 13.1版（StatSoft公司，波兰什切青，2016年，STATISTICA - 数据分析软件系统，13.1版）对获得的研究结果进行统计分析。最具破坏性的饮酒行为是怀孕前6周的强迫性中毒（BD，暴饮）以及整个孕期的慢性成瘾（CHD，慢性饮酒）。慢性酒精中毒（CHD）导致母亲营养状况较差，这反映在较低的体重指数（BMI）（<18 kg/m²）上。
