Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 M. Strzody Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 15;13(1):17497. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43851-y.
A significant problem related to the functioning of resin-based composites for dental fillings is secondary or recurrent caries, which is the reason for the need for repeated treatment. The cross-linked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles (QA-PEI-NPs) have been shown to be a promising antibacterial agent against different bacteria, including cariogenic ones. However, little is known about the properties of dental dimethacrylate polymer-based composites enriched with QA-PEI-NPs. This research was carried out on experimental composites based on bis-GMA/UDMA/TEGDMA matrix enriched with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 (wt%) QA-PEI-NPs and reinforced with two glass fillers. The cured composites were tested for their adherence of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria, cell viability (MTT assay) with 48 h and 10-days extracts , degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WSO), and solubility (WSL), water contact angle (CA), flexural modulus (E), flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS), and Vickers microhardness (HV). The investigated materials have shown a complete reduction in bacteria adherence and satisfactory biocompatibility. The QA-PEI-NPs additive has no effect on the DC, VH, and E values. QA-PEI-NPs increased the CA (a favorable change), the WSO and WSL (unfavorable changes) and decreased flexural strength, and compressive strength (unfavorable changes). The changes mentioned were insignificant and acceptable for most composites, excluding the highest antibacterial filler content. Probably the reason for the deterioration of some properties was low compatibility between filler particles and the matrix; therefore, it is worth extending the research by surface modification of QA-PEI-NPs to achieve the optimum performance characteristics.
用于牙齿填充的树脂基复合材料的一个重要问题是继发或复发性龋齿，这也是需要重复治疗的原因。交联季铵盐聚乙烯亚胺纳米粒子（QA-PEI-NPs）已被证明是一种有前途的针对不同细菌的抗菌剂，包括致龋菌。然而，关于富含 QA-PEI-NPs 的牙科二甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物基复合材料的特性知之甚少。本研究基于 bis-GMA/UDMA/TEGDMA 基质，用 0.5、1、1.5、2 和 3（wt%）QA-PEI-NPs 进行了实验性复合材料的研究，并添加了两种玻璃填料。用变异链球菌测试固化复合材料的附着力，用 48 小时和 10 天提取物测试细胞活力（MTT 测定法），测量转化率（DC）、吸水率（WSO）和溶解度（WSL）、水接触角（CA）、弯曲模量（E）、弯曲强度（FS）、抗压强度（CS）和维氏硬度（HV）。研究材料表明完全减少了细菌的粘附，并且具有良好的生物相容性。QA-PEI-NPs 添加剂对 DC、VH 和 E 值没有影响。QA-PEI-NPs 增加了 CA（有利的变化）、WSO 和 WSL（不利的变化），降低了弯曲强度和抗压强度（不利的变化）。所提到的变化微不足道，对大多数复合材料是可以接受的，除了最高的抗菌填料含量。一些性能恶化的原因可能是填料颗粒与基质之间的低相容性；因此，值得通过 QA-PEI-NPs 的表面改性来扩展研究，以达到最佳性能特性。
