Research Committee, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023 Dec;148:106155. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106155. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize an environmentally friendly nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) and evaluate its impact on enamel mineral content when incorporated into a Pistachio oleo gum resin (Saqqez) bio-chewing gum for in-situ models. We compared the effects of this green nano-hydroxyapatite (G n-HA) with those of a commercially available synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite (S n-HA).
Various analytical techniques were employed including XRD, FESEM, FT-IR, EDX/SEM and TGA/DTA to characterize the crystallinity, size and composition of the G n-HA powder. Three chewing gum groups were formulated: (1) Saqqez gum containing 10% wt G n-HA, (2) Saqqez gum containing 10% wt S n-HA, and (3) pure Saqqez gum. In order to evaluate the impact of these chewing gums on enamel, intraoral appliances were fabricated, each containing six enamel specimens. Participants were instructed to chew the gums while wearing these appliances. The calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels in enamel specimens, both with and without exposure to an acid challenge, were quantified using EDX/SEM. FE-SEM was employed to capture the microstructure of the enamel surface. In terms of the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were utilized to compare the data, where the significance level (α) was set at 0.05.
The characterization tests confirmed the successful synthesis of G n-HA. Furthermore, EDX/SEM analysis of the enamel specimens from the intraoral appliance revealed significant variations in calcium (Ca) content among the enamel specimens (P = 0.000). The S n-HA group, in particular, exhibited the highest Ca content, while the pure Saqqez group displayed the lowest. Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant differences in phosphorus (P) content observed among the three groups (P = 0.27).
Saqqez gum can be considered a wholesome natural chewing gum that serves, as a carrier for delivering remineralization agents to the tooth surfaces. This was evident in the groups containing n-HA, exhibiting elevated Ca levels. It's noteworthy that G n-HA demonstrated less efficacy in enamel remineralization compared to S n-HA.
本研究旨在合成和表征一种环保纳米羟基磷灰石（n-HA），并评估其在原位模型中加入到开心果油树脂（萨盖兹）生物咀嚼胶中对牙釉质矿物质含量的影响。我们比较了这种绿色纳米羟基磷灰石（G n-HA）与市售合成纳米羟基磷灰石（S n-HA）的效果。
采用 XRD、FESEM、FT-IR、EDX/SEM 和 TGA/DTA 等多种分析技术对 G n-HA 粉末的结晶度、粒径和组成进行了表征。制备了三种口香糖组：（1）含 10wt%G n-HA 的萨盖兹口香糖，（2）含 10wt%S n-HA 的萨盖兹口香糖，（3）纯萨盖兹口香糖。为了评估这些口香糖对牙釉质的影响，制作了口腔内装置，每个装置含有六个牙釉质标本。参与者被指示在佩戴这些装置时咀嚼口香糖。使用 EDX/SEM 定量测定暴露于酸挑战前后牙釉质标本中的钙（Ca）和磷（P）水平。FE-SEM 用于捕获牙釉质表面的微观结构。在统计分析方面，采用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后检验比较数据，显著性水平（α）设为 0.05。
特征测试证实成功合成了 G n-HA。此外，口腔内装置中牙釉质标本的 EDX/SEM 分析表明，牙釉质标本中的钙（Ca）含量存在显著差异（P=0.000）。特别是 S n-HA 组的 Ca 含量最高，而纯萨盖兹组的 Ca 含量最低。然而，三组之间的磷（P）含量无统计学差异（P=0.27）。
萨盖兹口香糖可以被认为是一种健康的天然咀嚼口香糖，可作为向牙齿表面输送再矿化剂的载体。这在含有 n-HA 的组中表现明显，这些组显示出较高的 Ca 水平。值得注意的是，与 S n-HA 相比，G n-HA 对牙釉质再矿化的效果较差。
