Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
BMJ Open. 2023 Oct 18;13(10):e069640. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069640.
The objective is to investigate the prevalence of pre-diabetes in Namibia and South Africa and to determine sociodemographic correlates of disease using population data.
Cross-sectional study.
Demographic and Health Survey for emerging (Namibia) and established (South Africa) economies in Sub-Saharan Africa collected laboratory data that allowed determination of pre-diabetes status.
3141 adults over age 18 from the 2013 Namibia survey, weighted to a population of 2176, and 4964 adults over age 18 from the 2016 South Africa survey, weighted to a population of 4627 had blood glucose/glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes information were included in the analysis.
Pre-diabetes was defined as not being diagnosed with diabetes and having a blood sugar measurement of 100-125 mg/dL in Namibia or an HbA1c measurement of 5.7%-6.4%. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with pre-diabetes as the outcome and a series of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, urban/rural residence, number of children, employment status, wealth index, education level, and ethnicity (in South Africa) or religion (in Namibia)) entered as variables to investigate the independent relationship of each.
The weighted prevalence of pre-diabetes was 18.7% in Namibia and 70.1% in South Africa. Rural residence was independently associated with higher odds of pre-diabetes in Namibia (1.47, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.06), while both younger age (0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) and urban residence (0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.99) were independently associated with odds of pre-diabetes in South Africa.
The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 18.7% in Namibia and 70.1% in South Africa. Correlates of pre-diabetes differed between the two countries with rural residents having higher odds of pre-diabetes in Namibia and urban residents with higher odds in South Africa. Aggressive interventions, including population level education and awareness programmes, and individual level education and lifestyle interventions that account for country-specific contextual factors are urgently needed to prevent progression to diabetes.
本研究旨在调查纳米比亚和南非的糖尿病前期患病率，并利用人群数据确定疾病的社会人口学相关因素。
横断面研究。
在撒哈拉以南非洲新兴经济体（纳米比亚）和成熟经济体（南非）的人口与健康调查中收集了实验室数据，这些数据允许确定糖尿病前期的状态。
2013 年纳米比亚调查中 3141 名年龄在 18 岁以上的成年人，加权至 2176 人的人群，以及 2016 年南非调查中 4964 名年龄在 18 岁以上的成年人，加权至 4627 人的人群，这些人都有血糖/糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和糖尿病信息，这些信息都包含在分析中。
糖尿病前期定义为未被诊断为糖尿病，且血糖测量值为 100-125mg/dL 的人在纳米比亚或 HbA1c 测量值为 5.7%-6.4%的人在南非。分别对每个国家进行逻辑模型分析，以糖尿病前期为结局，并将一系列社会人口学变量（年龄、性别、城乡居住、儿童数量、就业状况、财富指数、教育水平以及种族（南非）或宗教（纳米比亚））作为变量输入，以调查每个变量的独立关系。
糖尿病前期的加权患病率在纳米比亚为 18.7%，在南非为 70.1%。在纳米比亚，农村居住与糖尿病前期的几率较高有关（1.47，95%置信区间 1.05 至 2.06），而在南非，年龄较小（0.98，95%置信区间 0.97 至 0.99）和城市居住（0.80，95%置信区间 0.66 至 0.99）与糖尿病前期的几率独立相关。
糖尿病前期的患病率在纳米比亚为 18.7%，在南非为 70.1%。糖尿病前期的相关因素在这两个国家有所不同，纳米比亚的农村居民糖尿病前期的几率较高，而南非的城市居民糖尿病前期的几率较高。需要紧急采取积极的干预措施，包括针对具体国情的人群教育和宣传方案，以及针对个人的教育和生活方式干预措施，以防止病情进展为糖尿病。
