Ghodsi Delaram, Nikooyeh Bahareh, Amini Maryam, Rabiei Samira, Doustmohammadian Azam, Abdollahi Zahra, Minaie Mina, Sadeghi Farzaneh, Clark Cain C T, Neyestani Tirang R, Rasekhi Hamid
Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2023 Jul 27;14:99. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_207_22. eCollection 2023.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic elicited the general population to use various dietary supplements (DSs) and nutraceuticals as a protective means against the disease. The present study aimed to evaluate changes and certain determinants of DS intake during the COVID-19 lockdown among Iranian households.
This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted from April 4 to April 25, 2020, during which Iran was in lockdown. To collect data, a web-based electronic self-administered questionnaire was created. The data were compared among provinces based on their food security situations.
A total of 21,290 households were included in the analyses. Approximately 27% of the households were using DSs after the epidemic. The most common DSs used were vitamin D (42%) and vitamin C (20%), followed by multi-vitamin (16%), zinc (9%), omega-3 (6%), vitamin A (4%), and probiotics (3%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DS intake was directly associated with the household income but inversely with household size and the food security status of the provinces. DS intake was positively associated with the presence of high-risk persons in the households, the education of the households' head, and the presence of a person with a history of COVID-19 within the household.
During epidemic lockdown, DS use was remarkably increased among the Iranian households. Apart from the debatable usefulness of DSs against COVID-19, the inverse association of DS use with a household's income and provincial food security well indicates inequity in accessibility to DS. Actions to improve the nutritional status of the under-privileged populations including targeted supplementation are strongly recommended.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行促使普通民众使用各种膳食补充剂（DSs）和营养保健品作为预防该疾病的手段。本研究旨在评估伊朗家庭在COVID-19封锁期间DS摄入量的变化及某些决定因素。
这项全国性横断面研究于2020年4月4日至4月25日进行，当时伊朗处于封锁状态。为收集数据，创建了一个基于网络的电子自填问卷。根据各省的粮食安全状况对数据进行比较。
共有21290户家庭纳入分析。疫情后约27%的家庭使用DSs。最常用的DSs是维生素D（42%）和维生素C（20%），其次是多种维生素（16%）、锌（9%）、ω-3（6%）、维生素A（4%）和益生菌（3%）。逻辑回归分析显示，DS摄入量与家庭收入直接相关，但与家庭规模和各省的粮食安全状况呈负相关。DS摄入量与家庭中高危人群的存在、户主的教育程度以及家庭中有无COVID-19病史的人呈正相关。
在疫情封锁期间，伊朗家庭中DS的使用显著增加。除了DSs对COVID-19的有效性存在争议外，DS使用与家庭收入和省级粮食安全的负相关很好地表明了获取DS的不平等。强烈建议采取行动改善弱势群体的营养状况，包括有针对性的补充。
