Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Public Health Nutr. 2023 Dec;26(12):2963-2972. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023002203. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
To examine trends in the intake of key food groups among Iranian adults between 2005 and 2016, overall, and according to sociodemographic characteristics.
Repeat cross-sectional data from the Iran-STEPwise approach to risk factor surveillance (Iran-WHO STEPS) 2005-2016 were analysed. Regression analyses were used to evaluate trends in the frequency of fruits, vegetables and fish intake and type of oil used over time. Interactions by sex, age and area of residence were examined.
Iran.
225 221 Iranian adults.
The frequency of vegetables (: -0·03; 95 % CI (-0·06, -0·00); -trend = 0·030) and fish (: -0·09; 95 % CI (-0·10, -0·08); -trend < 0·001) intake and use of solid fat (OR: 0·70; 95 % CI (0·70, 0·72); -trend < 0·001) declined, whilst the frequency of fruit intake (-Coeff: 0·03, 95 % CI (0·01, 0·05); -trend = 0·014) and liquid oil use (OR: 1·40; 95 % CI (1·3, 1·4); -trend<0·001) rose. Rising trends in fruit intake were larger in mid-aged (40-60 years) and older (>60 years) adults (-interaction < 0·001), whilst declines in vegetable (-interaction < 0·001) and fish intake (-interaction = 0·001) were larger in older adults. The declining use of solid fat was strongest in middle-aged and older adults (-interaction = 0·035), while the increasing use of liquid oil was strongest in rural areas (-interaction = 0·011).
During the nutrition transition, liquid oil use and the frequency of fruit intake rose, while the frequency of vegetables and fish intake declined. Nonetheless, the fatty acid composition and cooking methods are important considerations. The changes observed are concerning from a public health perspective and demonstrate the need for interventions and possible targets for tailored strategies.
本研究旨在调查伊朗成年人在 2005 年至 2016 年间主要食物组摄入量的变化趋势，并分析这些趋势与社会人口学特征的关系。
本研究使用了伊朗-世卫组织 STEP 式危险因素监测（伊朗-WHO STEPS）2005-2016 年的重复横断面数据。采用回归分析评估了不同时间段内水果、蔬菜和鱼类摄入量以及食用油类型的变化趋势。同时还分析了性别、年龄和居住区域的交互作用。
伊朗。
225221 名伊朗成年人。
蔬菜摄入量呈下降趋势（-0·03；95 % CI（-0·06，-0·00）；-趋势=0·030），鱼类摄入量（-0·09；95 % CI（-0·10，-0·08）；-趋势<0·001）和固体脂肪摄入量（OR：0·70；95 % CI（0·70，0·72）；-趋势<0·001）下降，而水果摄入量呈上升趋势（-Coeff：0·03；95 % CI（0·01，0·05）；-趋势=0·014），液体油的使用量呈上升趋势（OR：1·40；95 % CI（1·3，1·4）；-趋势<0·001）。中年（40-60 岁）和老年（>60 岁）成年人的水果摄入量上升趋势较大（-交互作用<0·001），而老年人的蔬菜（-交互作用<0·001）和鱼类摄入量下降趋势较大。固体脂肪的使用量下降趋势最强的是中年和老年人群（-交互作用=0·035），而液体油的使用量上升趋势最强的是农村地区（-交互作用=0·011）。
在营养转型期间，液体油的使用和水果的摄入量增加，而蔬菜和鱼类的摄入量减少。然而，脂肪酸组成和烹饪方法是重要的考虑因素。从公共卫生的角度来看，这些变化令人担忧，表明需要采取干预措施，并制定可能针对特定人群的策略。
