Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.
Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 20;18(10):e0288288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288288. eCollection 2023.
Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the main factors for morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents. In 2010 and 2013, the Program Life in Traffic was implemented in Brazil, including the international initiative "Road Safety in Ten Countries", which established actions to reduce one of the main risk factors for road traffic injuries, the driving under the influence of alcohol. In 2012, a new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law (new dry law) was implemented, establishing a zero-tolerance limit for the drivers' blood alcohol concentration, and increasing punitive measures. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of these measures on the prevalence of driving under the influence of alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals.
An interrupted time series study was conducted using the models of autoregressive integrated moving average or seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average. The main outcome was the prevalence of driving after alcohol abuse in the adult population (≥ 18 years). The model's predictors were the interventions "Program Life in Traffic" and "New Dry Law". The former was implemented in the first quarter of 2011, initially in five capitals: Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Palmas, Teresina, and Curitiba, being expanded to the other capitals in the first quarter of 2013. The latter was implemented in the country on the first quarter of 2013. Data source for the study was the records of the surveillance system for risk and protection factors of chronic diseases through telephone survey (Vigitel) from 2007 to 2016.
The time intervals considered in the study were the quarters. Thirty-eight units were considered in the analysis, corresponding to time series points. It was found that after the implementation of the Program Life in Traffic, in the first quarter of 2011, there was a reduction in the prevalence in Belo Horizonte and Curitiba. Because the introduction of the New Dry Law and the Program Life in Traffic took place in similar periods in the other cities, there was a significant reduction in the outcome prevalence in the cities of Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, Fortaleza, João Pessoa, Maceió, Manaus, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Recife, Teresina, Rio Branco, and Vitória following the law application.
The present study identified an immediate impact of the Program Life in Traffic in two capitals (Belo Horizonte and Curitiba) and a joint impact of the New Dry Law in 13 capitals. The results of this study have implications for strengthening interventions aimed at reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents in Brazil.
酒后驾车是导致交通事故发病率和死亡率的主要因素之一。2010 年和 2013 年，巴西实施了“生活在交通中”计划，其中包括国际倡议“十个国家的道路安全”，该倡议采取了行动来减少道路交通伤害的主要风险因素之一，即酒后驾车。2012 年，新的零容忍酒后驾车法（新禁酒法）生效，对驾驶员血液酒精浓度设定了零容忍限制，并增加了惩罚措施。本研究旨在分析这些措施对巴西首都地区酒后驾车滥用流行率的影响。
使用自回归综合移动平均或季节性自回归综合移动平均模型进行了一项中断时间序列研究。主要结果是成年人群体（≥18 岁）酒后驾车的流行率。该模型的预测因子是干预措施“生活在交通中”计划和“新禁酒法”。前者于 2011 年第一季度实施，最初在五个首都城市实施：贝洛奥里藏特、坎波格兰德、帕尔马斯、特雷西纳和库里蒂巴，于 2013 年第一季度扩展到其他首都城市。后者于 2013 年第一季度在全国实施。本研究的数据来源是 2007 年至 2016 年通过电话调查（Vigitel）监测慢性病风险和保护因素的监测系统记录。
研究中考虑的时间间隔为季度。在分析中考虑了 38 个单位，对应于时间序列点。结果发现，“生活在交通中”计划实施后，2011 年第一季度，贝洛奥里藏特和库里蒂巴的流行率有所下降。由于新禁酒法和“生活在交通中”计划在其他城市的实施时间相似，在该法适用后，阿雷格里港、贝洛奥里藏特、博阿维斯塔、福塔莱萨、若昂佩索阿、马塞约、马瑙斯、帕尔马斯、阿雷格里港、累西腓、特雷西纳、里奥布兰科和维多利亚等城市的结果流行率显著下降。
本研究在两个首都城市（贝洛奥里藏特和库里蒂巴）发现了“生活在交通中”计划的即时影响，在 13 个首都城市发现了新禁酒法的联合影响。本研究结果对加强旨在减少巴西交通事故发病率和死亡率负担的干预措施具有重要意义。
