Balk Sophie J, Bochner Risa E, Ramdhanie Mahindra A, Reilly Brian K
Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Department of Pediatrics, New York City Health and Hospitals Harlem, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
Pediatrics. 2023 Nov 1;152(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-063752.
Noise affects people of all ages. Noise-induced hearing loss, a major problem for adults, is also a problem for young people. Sensorineural hearing loss is usually irreversible. Environmental noise, such as traffic noise, can affect learning, physiologic parameters, sleep, and quality of life. Children and adolescents have unique vulnerabilities. Infants and young children must rely on adults to remove them from noisy situations; children may not recognize hazardous noise exposures; teenagers often do not understand consequences of high exposure to music from personal listening devices or attending concerts and dances. Personal listening devices are increasingly used, even by small children. Environmental noise has disproportionate effects on underserved communities. This statement and its accompanying technical report review common sources and effects of noise as well as specific pediatric exposures. Because noise exposure often starts in infancy and effects are cumulative, more attention to noise in everyday activities is needed starting early in life. Pediatricians can potentially lessen harms by raising awareness of children's specific vulnerabilities to noise. Safer listening is possible. Noise exposure is underrecognized as a serious public health issue in the United States. Greater awareness of noise hazards is needed at a societal level.
噪音影响所有年龄段的人。噪音性听力损失是成年人面临的一个主要问题，对年轻人来说也是个问题。感音神经性听力损失通常是不可逆的。环境噪音，如交通噪音，会影响学习、生理参数、睡眠和生活质量。儿童和青少年有独特的易感性。婴幼儿必须依靠成年人将他们从嘈杂的环境中带走；儿童可能意识不到有害的噪音暴露；青少年往往不了解长时间使用个人听力设备听音乐或参加音乐会及舞会的后果。个人听力设备的使用越来越普遍，甚至小孩子也在用。环境噪音对服务不足的社区有不成比例的影响。本声明及其附带的技术报告回顾了噪音的常见来源和影响以及儿童的具体暴露情况。由于噪音暴露往往始于婴儿期且影响是累积性的，因此从生命早期开始就需要更多地关注日常活动中的噪音。儿科医生可以通过提高对儿童对噪音的特定易感性的认识来潜在地减少危害。安全聆听是可能的。在美国，噪音暴露作为一个严重的公共卫生问题未得到充分认识。在社会层面需要提高对噪音危害的认识。
