Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2024 Apr;99(2):372-389. doi: 10.1111/brv.13026. Epub 2023 Oct 22.
Agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales, including increased use of agrochemicals and loss of semi-natural habitats, is a major driver of insect declines and other community changes. Efforts to understand and mitigate these effects have traditionally focused on ecological responses. At the same time, adaptations to pesticide use and habitat fragmentation in both insects and flowering plants show the potential for rapid evolution. Yet we lack an understanding of how such evolutionary responses may propagate within and between trophic levels with ensuing consequences for conservation of species and ecological functions in agroecosystems. Here, we review the literature on the consequences of agricultural intensification on plant and animal evolutionary responses and interactions. We present a novel conceptualization of evolutionary change induced by agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales and emphasize direct and indirect effects of rapid evolution on ecosystem services. We exemplify by focusing on economically and ecologically important interactions between plants and pollinators. We showcase available eco-evolutionary theory and plant-pollinator modelling that can improve predictions of how agricultural intensification affects interaction networks, and highlight available genetic and trait-focused methodological approaches. Specifically, we focus on how spatial genetic structure affects the probability of propagated responses, and how the structure of interaction networks modulates effects of evolutionary change in individual species. Thereby, we highlight how combined trait-based eco-evolutionary modelling, functionally explicit quantitative genetics, and genomic analyses may shed light on conditions where evolutionary responses impact important ecosystem services.
农业集约化在田间和景观尺度上，包括增加农用化学品的使用和半自然生境的丧失，是昆虫减少和其他群落变化的主要驱动因素。理解和减轻这些影响的努力传统上侧重于生态响应。与此同时，昆虫和开花植物对农药使用和生境破碎化的适应表明了快速进化的潜力。然而，我们还不了解这种进化反应如何在营养水平内和之间传播，以及对农业生态系统中物种和生态功能的保护有何影响。在这里，我们回顾了关于农业集约化对动植物进化反应和相互作用的影响的文献。我们提出了一个新的概念化，即农业集约化在田间和景观尺度上引起的进化变化，并强调了快速进化对生态系统服务的直接和间接影响。我们通过关注植物和传粉者之间具有经济和生态重要性的相互作用来举例说明。我们展示了现有的生态进化理论和植物-传粉者模型，这些理论和模型可以提高对农业集约化如何影响相互作用网络的预测，并强调了现有的遗传和特征重点方法方法。具体来说，我们关注空间遗传结构如何影响传播反应的可能性，以及相互作用网络的结构如何调节单个物种进化变化的影响。因此，我们强调了基于特征的生态进化综合模型、功能明确的定量遗传学和基因组分析如何阐明进化反应影响重要生态系统服务的条件。
