Alquezar Renata D, Arregui Lucía, Macedo Regina H, Gil Diego
PG em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Conserv Physiol. 2023 Oct 18;11(1):coad079. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coad079. eCollection 2023.
Noise represents a threat to human and wildlife health, triggering physiological and behavioral challenges to individuals living close to sources of extreme noise. Here, we considered airport environments as sources of potentially stressful stimuli for birds and tested if those living near airports are under higher physiological stress than birds living in quiet sites. We used measurements of CORT in feathers (CORT) as a proxy of chronic stress. We evaluated 14 passerine and 1 non-passerine species, living near three Brazilian airports. We found that, across species, individuals with a better body condition had lower CORT concentration. At the species level, we found that CORT concentration was not consistently affected by airport noise. Comparing individuals living in quiet sites with those living near airports, we found that 2 species had higher and 2 had lower CORT concentrations near airports, while 11 species presented no significant differences between sites. At the population level, model selection indicated that the direction and strength of these differences are weakly related to species' song frequency (peak frequency), as lower-frequency singers tended to present higher CORT levels at airport-affected sites. In summary, we were unable to find a consistent response among species, probably due to species-specific differences in their response to anthropogenic disturbances. Instead, we found that species might be affected differently according to their singing spectral frequency and that individuals in good body condition show lower CORT, suggesting that this measure is consistent with lower physiological stress.
噪音对人类和野生动物的健康构成威胁，给生活在极端噪音源附近的个体带来生理和行为方面的挑战。在此，我们将机场环境视为对鸟类具有潜在压力刺激的来源，并测试生活在机场附近的鸟类是否比生活在安静地点的鸟类承受更高的生理压力。我们将羽毛中的皮质酮（CORT）测量值用作慢性压力的指标。我们评估了生活在巴西三个机场附近的14种雀形目鸟类和1种非雀形目鸟类。我们发现，在所有物种中，身体状况较好的个体CORT浓度较低。在物种层面，我们发现CORT浓度并未始终受到机场噪音的影响。将生活在安静地点的个体与生活在机场附近的个体进行比较，我们发现有2个物种在机场附近的CORT浓度较高，2个物种较低，而11个物种在不同地点之间没有显著差异。在种群层面，模型选择表明这些差异的方向和强度与物种的鸣唱频率（峰值频率）弱相关，因为低频鸣唱者在受机场影响的地点往往呈现出较高的CORT水平。总之，我们未能在物种间找到一致的反应，这可能是由于它们对人为干扰的反应存在物种特异性差异。相反，我们发现物种可能因其鸣唱频谱频率而受到不同影响，并且身体状况良好的个体CORT较低，这表明该指标与较低的生理压力一致。
