Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Planta. 2023 Oct 24;258(6):103. doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04259-0.
As an important biotic stressor, plant-parasitic nematodes afflict global crop productivity. Deployment of CRISPR/Cas9 system that selectively knock out host susceptibility genes conferred improved nematode tolerance in crop plants. As an important biotic stressor, plant-parasitic nematodes cause a considerable yield decline in crop plants that eventually contributes to a negative impact on global food security. Being obligate plant parasites, the root-knot and cyst nematodes maintain an intricate and sophisticated relationship with their host plants by hijacking the host's physiological and metabolic pathways for their own benefit. Significant progress has been made toward developing RNAi-based transgenic crops that confer nematode resistance. However, the strategy of host-induced gene silencing that targets nematode effectors is likely to fail because the induced silencing of effectors (which interact with plant R genes) may lead to the development of nematode phenotypes that break resistance. Lately, the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system has been deployed to achieve host resistance against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In these studies, host susceptibility (S) genes were knocked out to achieve resistance via loss of susceptibility. As the S genes are recessively inherited in plants, induced mutations of the S genes are likely to be long-lasting and confer broad-spectrum resistance. A number of S genes contributing to plant susceptibility to nematodes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, tomato, cucumber, and soybean. A few of these S genes were targeted for CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout experiments to improve nematode tolerance in crop plants. Nevertheless, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was mostly utilized to interrogate the molecular basis of plant-nematode interactions rather than direct research toward achieving tolerance in crop plants. The current standalone article summarizes the progress made so far on CRISPR/Cas9 research in plant-nematode interactions.
作为一个重要的生物胁迫因子，植物寄生线虫会影响全球作物的生产力。利用 CRISPR/Cas9 系统选择性敲除宿主易感性基因，可以提高作物对线虫的耐受性。作为一个重要的生物胁迫因子，植物寄生线虫会导致作物产量显著下降，最终对全球粮食安全产生负面影响。作为专性植物寄生虫，根结线虫和胞囊线虫通过劫持宿主的生理和代谢途径为自身谋取利益，与宿主植物建立了复杂而精细的关系。利用 RNAi 技术开发具有线虫抗性的转基因作物已经取得了显著进展。然而，靶向线虫效应子的宿主诱导基因沉默策略可能会失败，因为效应子的诱导沉默（与植物 R 基因相互作用）可能导致线虫表型的产生，从而打破抗性。最近，基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的基因组编辑系统已被用于实现宿主对细菌、真菌和病毒的抗性。在这些研究中，通过敲除易感性（S）基因来实现抗性，因为 S 基因在植物中是隐性遗传的，所以诱导 S 基因突变可能是持久的，并赋予广谱抗性。在拟南芥、水稻、番茄、黄瓜和大豆中已经鉴定出许多与植物对线虫易感性相关的 S 基因。针对这些 S 基因中的几个进行了基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的敲除实验，以提高作物对线虫的耐受性。然而，CRISPR/Cas9 系统主要用于研究植物与线虫相互作用的分子基础，而不是直接研究作物的耐受性。本综述总结了迄今为止在植物与线虫相互作用的 CRISPR/Cas9 研究方面取得的进展。
