Khan Arshad, Chen Shaohua, Fatima Saba, Ahamad Lukman, Siddiqui Mansoor Ahmad
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;12(12):2387. doi: 10.3390/plants12122387.
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a threat to global food security in both the developed and developing worlds. PPNs cause crop losses worth a total of more than USD 150 billion worldwide. The sedentary root-knot nematodes (RKNs) also cause severe damage to various agricultural crops and establish compatible relationships with a broad range of host plants. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the strategies used to identify the morpho-physiological and molecular events that occur during RKN parasitism. It describes the most current developments in the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic strategies of nematodes, which are important for understanding compatible interactions of plants and nematodes, and several strategies for enhancing plant resistance against RKNs. We will highlight recent rapid advances in molecular strategies, such as gene-silencing technologies, RNA interference (RNAi), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) effector proteins, that are leading to considerable progress in understanding the mechanism of plant-nematode interactions. We also take into account genetic engineering strategies, such as targeted genome editing techniques, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas-9) system, and quantitative trait loci (QTL), to enhance the resistance of plants against nematodes.
植物寄生线虫（PPNs）对发达国家和发展中国家的全球粮食安全都构成威胁。PPNs在全球造成的作物损失总计超过1500亿美元。定居型根结线虫（RKNs）也对各种农作物造成严重损害，并与广泛的寄主植物建立兼容关系。本综述旨在全面概述用于识别RKN寄生过程中发生的形态生理和分子事件的策略。它描述了线虫转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学策略的最新进展，这些进展对于理解植物与线虫的兼容相互作用很重要，还介绍了几种增强植物对RKN抗性的策略。我们将重点介绍分子策略方面的最新快速进展，如基因沉默技术、RNA干扰（RNAi）和小干扰RNA（siRNA）效应蛋白，这些进展在理解植物 - 线虫相互作用机制方面取得了显著进展。我们还考虑了基因工程策略，如靶向基因组编辑技术、成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/CRISPR相关蛋白9（Cas9）（CRISPR/Cas-9）系统和数量性状位点（QTL），以增强植物对线虫的抗性。
