Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, Puducherry, India.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 22;15(20):4470. doi: 10.3390/nu15204470.
Malnutrition includes both under-nutrition and over-nutrition, which have negative health impacts and social consequences. The present study aims to understand the demographic dynamics, burden of chronic illnesses, and risk factors associated with malnutrition (stunting, thinness, and obesity) among different age groups in urban and rural areas. Data were collected through a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban area in Hyderabad and four rural villages in Andhra Pradesh. A multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with malnutrition among different age groups. The final analysis included the data of 10,350 individuals, consisting of 8317 (80.4%) from urban areas and 2033 (19.6%) from rural areas. The number of known cases of hypertension in the urban area was 926 (11.1%) and 114 (5.6%) in the rural areas, and that of diabetes was 511 (6.1%) in the urban area and 104 (5.1%) in the rural areas. The burden of stunting among under-five children and obesity among adults was 33.7% (95% CI; 29.7-37.9) and 47.4% (95% CI; 45.8-49.1), respectively. Adults aged 40-59 years (AOR 1.91; 1.59-2.28) and belonging to a clerical/skilled (AOR 1.32; 1.03-1.71) occupation were at higher odds of obesity compared to their counterparts. Policymakers and health practitioners should consider the insights from our findings to tailor effective interventions to address malnutrition.
营养不良包括营养不足和营养过剩，这两种情况都会对健康产生负面影响，并带来社会后果。本研究旨在了解城市和农村不同年龄组人群的营养不良（发育迟缓、消瘦和肥胖）的人口动态、慢性病负担和相关风险因素。数据是通过在海德拉巴的一个城市地区和安得拉邦的四个农村村庄进行的横断面研究收集的。采用多变量混合效应逻辑回归分析评估不同年龄组人群与营养不良相关的风险因素。最终分析包括了来自城市地区的 10350 人和来自农村地区的 2033 人的数据，其中 8317 人（80.4%）来自城市地区，2033 人（19.6%）来自农村地区。城市地区已知的高血压病例数为 926 例（11.1%），农村地区为 114 例（5.6%）；城市地区已知的糖尿病病例数为 511 例（6.1%），农村地区为 104 例（5.1%）。五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的负担和成年人肥胖的负担分别为 33.7%（95%CI；29.7-37.9）和 47.4%（95%CI；45.8-49.1）。40-59 岁的成年人（AOR 1.91；1.59-2.28）和从事文书/技术职业（AOR 1.32；1.03-1.71）的成年人与同龄人相比，肥胖的几率更高。决策者和卫生保健从业者应该考虑我们研究结果中的这些发现，以便制定有效的干预措施来解决营养不良问题。
